High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Plasmonic Sensor Design and Simulation
3. Results and Discussions
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sensors | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No doping | 0.6961663 | 0.4079426 | 0.8974794 | 0.0684043 | 0.1162414 | 9.896161 |
0.6867178 | 0.4348151 | 0.8956551 | 0.0726752 | 0.1151435 | 10.002398 | |
0.7083925 | 0.4203993 | 0.8663412 | 0.0853842 | 0.1024839 | 9.896175 | |
0.73454395 | 0.4271083 | 0.8210340 | 0.00869769 | 0.1119519 | 10.48654 | |
0.7347008 | 0.4461191 | 0.8081698 | 0.0764679 | 0.1246081 | 9.896203 |
No Doping | (4.1%) | (6.3%) | (13.5%) | (19.3%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.80 | 1.4533172548 | 1.4596845495 | 1.4622823847 | 1.4715515550 | 1.4810033015 |
0.85 | 1.4524982860 | 1.4588361870 | 1.4614292333 | 1.4709993384 | 1.4800696281 |
0.90 | 1.4517539550 | 1.4580689419 | 1.4606585052 | 1.4704900422 | 1.4792367010 |
0.95 | 1.4510651315 | 1.4573624396 | 1.4599496556 | 1.4700118200 | 1.4784802919 |
1.00 | 1.4504174094 | 1.4567013392 | 1.4592871988 | 1.4695557639 | 1.4777821857 |
1.05 | 1.4497997593 | 1.4560738981 | 1.4586592708 | 1.4691150616 | 1.4771284601 |
1.10 | 1.4492036097 | 1.4554709933 | 1.4580566479 | 1.4686844229 | 1.4765083153 |
1.15 | 1.4486222069 | 1.4548854402 | 1.4574720609 | 1.4682596813 | 1.4759132590 |
1.20 | 1.4480501614 | 1.4543115084 | 1.4568997094 | 1.4678375126 | 1.4753365304 |
1.25 | 1.4474831206 | 1.4537445737 | 1.4563349105 | 1.4674152314 | 1.4747726841 |
1.30 | 1.4469175294 | 1.4531808627 | 1.4557738414 | 1.4669906435 | 1.4742172864 |
1.35 | 1.4463504523 | 1.4526172632 | 1.4552133484 | 1.4665619352 | 1.4736666904 |
1.40 | 1.4457794402 | 1.4520511825 | 1.4546508033 | 1.4661275918 | 1.4731178664 |
1.45 | 1.4452024286 | 1.4514804385 | 1.4540839942 | 1.4656863342 | 1.4725682741 |
1.50 | 1.4446176596 | 1.4509031772 | 1.4535110411 | 1.465237071 | 1.4720157629 |
1.55 | 1.4440236217 | 1.4503178079 | 1.4529303310 | 1.4647788624 | 1.4714584966 |
1.60 | 1.4434190019 | 1.4497229527 | 1.4523404668 | 1.4643108884 | 1.4708948926 |
1.65 | 1.4428026489 | 1.4491174068 | 1.4517402268 | 1.4638324286 | 1.4703235752 |
1.70 | 1.4421735426 | 1.4485001066 | 1.4511285325 | 1.4633428423 | 1.4697433377 |
1.75 | 1.4415307705 | 1.4478701039 | 1.4505044226 | 1.4628415542 | 1.4691531123 |
1.80 | 1.4408735085 | 1.4472265460 | 1.4498670326 | 1.4623280424 | 1.4685519459 |
1.85 | 1.4402010046 | 1.4465686581 | 1.4492155773 | 1.4618018289 | 1.4679389798 |
1.90 | 1.4395125664 | 1.4458957302 | 1.4485493372 | 1.4612624715 | 1.4673134341 |
1.95 | 1.4388075504 | 1.4452071054 | 1.4478676464 | 1.4607095576 | 1.4666745939 |
2.00 | 1.4380853528 | 1.4445021703 | 1.4471698840 | 1.4601426981 | 1.4660217981 |
Doping | WS_Total (nm/RIU) | (nm/RIU) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No doping (0%) | 1.35 | 11,374.41 | 4744.96 | 24,691.36 | 80,000.00 |
1.36 | 11,352.89 | 4756.24 | 24,242.42 | 78,431.37 | |
1.37 | 11,538.46 | 4872.11 | 23,952.09 | 76,923.07 | |
1.38 | 11,695.90 | 4884.00 | 23,391.81 | 111,111.11 | |
1.39 | 11,869.43 | 5012.53 | 22,727.27 | 108,108.11 | |
1.40 | 12,060.30 | 4987.53 | 25,974.02 | 102,564.10 | |
1.41 | 11,764.70 | 4987.53 | 25,000.00 | 68,965.52 | |
1.42 | 12,133.47 | 5154.63 | 23,952.09 | 86,956.52 | |
1.43 | 11,111.11 | 5376.34 | 22,857.14 | 24,844.72 | |
1.35 | 9554.14 | 4901.96 | 11,627.90 | 41,666.66 | |
1.36 | 9508.72 | 4884.00 | 11,527.37 | 41,666.66 | |
1.37 | 9538.95 | 4932.18 | 11,396.01 | 41,666.66 | |
1.38 | 9463.72 | 4907.97 | 11,204.48 | 41,666.66 | |
1.39 | 9493.67 | 4968.94 | 11,019.28 | 41,666.66 | |
1.40 | 9516.26 | 5044.13 | 10,752.68 | 41,666.66 | |
1.41 | 9382.33 | 5174.64 | 9779.95 | 41,237.11 | |
1.42 | 9167.30 | 5095.54 | 10,050.25 | 31,746.03 | |
1.43 | 9811.94 | 5235.60 | 9546.54 | 100,000.00 | |
1.44 | 9900.99 | 5641.74 | 18,099.54 | 14,184.39 | |
1.33 | 9463.72 | 4938.27 | 11,695.90 | 34,482.75 | |
1.34 | 9360.37 | 4866.18 | 11,627.90 | 34,482.75 | |
1.35 | 9382.32 | 4901.96 | 11,527.37 | 34,482.75 | |
1.36 | 9331.25 | 4878.04 | 11,428.57 | 34,482.75 | |
1.37 | 9367.68 | 4932.18 | 11,299.43 | 34,482.75 | |
1.38 | 9295.12 | 4907.97 | 11,111.11 | 34,482.75 | |
1.39 | 9324.00 | 4968.94 | 10,928.96 | 34,482.75 | |
1.40 | 9338.52 | 5208.33 | 9975.06 | 34,482.75 | |
1.41 | 9216.58 | 5174.64 | 9708.73 | 34,188.03 | |
1.42 | 9167.30 | 5095.54 | 9950.24 | 32,786.88 | |
1.43 | 9787.92 | 5228.75 | 9546.53 | 95,238.09 | |
1.32 | 9577.01 | 5188.06 | 10,025.06 | 48,192.77 | |
1.33 | 9478.67 | 5115.08 | 9975.06 | 48,192.77 | |
1.34 | 9375.00 | 5044.13 | 9900.99 | 48,192.77 | |
1.35 | 9389.67 | 5069.70 | 9876.54 | 47,619.04 | |
1.36 | 9331.25 | 5044.13 | 9779.95 | 47,619.04 | |
1.37 | 9353.07 | 5089.05 | 9685.23 | 47,619.04 | |
1.38 | 9273.57 | 5050.50 | 9569.37 | 47,619.04 | |
1.39 | 9287.92 | 5108.55 | 9411.76 | 47,619.04 | |
1.40 | 9295.12 | 5167.95 | 9237.87 | 47,619.04 | |
1.41 | 9042.95 | 4889.97 | 9803.92 | 39,603.96 | |
1.42 | 9153.32 | 5141.39 | 8869.18 | 48,780.48 | |
1.43 | 9324.01 | 5263.16 | 8928.57 | 50,632.91 | |
1.44 | 10,058.67 | 5376.34 | 8583.69 | 235,294.12 | |
1.32 | 9748.17 | 5181.34 | 9324.00 | 133,333.33 | |
1.33 | 9654.06 | 5115.08 | 9280.74 | 133,333.33 | |
1.34 | 9546.53 | 5044.13 | 9216.58 | 133,333.33 | |
1.35 | 9486.16 | 5012.53 | 9153.31 | 133,333.33 | |
1.36 | 9389.67 | 4950.49 | 9090.90 | 133,333.33 | |
1.37 | 9345.79 | 4938.27 | 9009.00 | 133,333.33 | |
1.38 | 9230.76 | 4872.10 | 8908.68 | 133,333.33 | |
1.39 | 9181.33 | 4866.18 | 8791.20 | 133,333.33 | |
1.40 | 9118.54 | 4866.18 | 8620.68 | 133,333.33 | |
1.41 | 8961.91 | 4796.16 | 8421.05 | 133,333.33 | |
1.42 | 8658.00 | 4739.33 | 8368.20 | 62,500.00 | |
1.43 | 8778.34 | 4790.41 | 8733.62 | 54,054.05 | |
1.44 | 8670.52 | 4981.32 | 9280.74 | 26,666.66 | |
1.45 | 9448.81 | 5319.14 | 8048.28 | 190,476.19 |
Figure | Polynomials |
---|---|
Figure 11a | |
Figure 11b | |
Figure 11c | |
Figure 11d | |
Figure 11e |
References | Type of Sensing | RI Range | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[8] | External | 1.33–1.35 | 3558.33 | 4200.00 | ||
[18] | Internal | 1.33–1.42 | 11,000.00 | |||
[27] | External | 1.45–1.60 | 3000.00 | 4800.00 | 11,800.00 | |
[28] | External | 1.33–1.42 | 80.00 | 28,000.00 | ||
[29] | External | 1.43–1.48 | 35.00 | 7200.00 | 10,000.00 | |
[30] | External | 1.33–1.39 | 296.00 | 22,000.00 | ||
[31] | Internal | 1.33–1.38 | 2000.00 | 4600.00 | 7040.00 | |
This Work | No doping | External | 1.35–1.43 | 2100.00 | 11,650.63 | 12,133.47 |
External | 1.35–1.44 | 530.00 | 9533.80 | 9900.99 | ||
External | 1.33–1.43 | 1980.00 | 9366.80 | 9787.92 | ||
External | 1.32–1.44 | 600.00 | 9380.02 | 10,058.67 | ||
External | 1.32–1.45 | 2000.00 | 9229.90 | 9748.17 |
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Cunha, N.H.O.; Da Silva, J.P. High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber. Sensors 2022, 22, 3220. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093220
Cunha NHO, Da Silva JP. High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber. Sensors. 2022; 22(9):3220. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093220
Chicago/Turabian StyleCunha, Nilson H. O., and José P. Da Silva. 2022. "High Sensitivity Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on a Ge-Doped Defect and D-Shaped Microstructured Optical Fiber" Sensors 22, no. 9: 3220. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093220