Fully 3D-Printed Dry EEG Electrodes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Electrode Design
2.2. Prototyping of Electrodes
2.3. Contact Impedance Testing
2.4. Functional Testing
3. Results
3.1. Contact Impedance Measurement
3.1.1. Results for 0-Pin-Flat Electrode
3.1.2. Results for Different Numbers of Electrode Pins
3.2. EEG Recording
4. Discussion
4.1. Contact Impedance
4.2. Functional Testing
4.3. Limitations
4.3.1. Customisation Challenges
4.3.2. Fabrication Challenges
4.3.3. Material Properties
4.3.4. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Electrode Configuration | Contact Surface Area (mm2) | Volume (mm3) | Cost of Material (USD) |
---|---|---|---|
0-pin-flat | 42.41 | 130.22 | 0.68 |
3-pin | 28.86 | 314.98 | 1.66 |
4-pin | 38.48 | 350.89 | 1.84 |
5-pin | 48.11 | 386.75 | 2.03 |
Filament | Resistivity (cm) |
---|---|
Palmiga PI-ETPU | 30–700 |
Black Magic 3D | 0.6 |
Proto-pasta | 30 |
Multi3D Electrifi | 0.006 |
Printing Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Nozzle diameter | 0.35 mm |
Print temperature | 140 C |
Bed temperature | 25 C |
Flow rate | 110% |
Print speed | 15.0 mm/s |
Primary layer height | 0.16 mm |
Infill outline overlap | 50% |
Minimum infill length | 0.00 mm |
First layer height | 125% |
First layer speed | 40% |
Electrode Configuration | () | () | (F) |
---|---|---|---|
Neurospec dry flat | 11.67 | 16.61 | 58.18 |
Neurospec dry 2 mm | 25.43 | 17.85 | 39.80 |
0-pin-flat | 94.35 | 90.28 | 15.67 |
3-pin | 316.47 | 178.95 | 10.15 |
4-pin | 415.93 | 154.57 | 6.51 |
5-pin | 295.47 | 212.31 | 8.27 |
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Tong, A.; Perera, P.; Sarsenbayeva, Z.; McEwan, A.; De Silva, A.C.; Withana, A. Fully 3D-Printed Dry EEG Electrodes. Sensors 2023, 23, 5175. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115175
Tong A, Perera P, Sarsenbayeva Z, McEwan A, De Silva AC, Withana A. Fully 3D-Printed Dry EEG Electrodes. Sensors. 2023; 23(11):5175. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115175
Chicago/Turabian StyleTong, Adele, Praneeth Perera, Zhanna Sarsenbayeva, Alistair McEwan, Anjula C. De Silva, and Anusha Withana. 2023. "Fully 3D-Printed Dry EEG Electrodes" Sensors 23, no. 11: 5175. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115175