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Volume 23
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10.3390/s23073435
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Review

Beamforming Techniques for Passive Radar: An Overview

by
José M. Núñez-Ortuño
*,
José P. González-Coma
,
Rubén Nocelo López
,
Francisco Troncoso-Pastoriza
and
María Álvarez-Hernández
Defense University Center at the Spanish Naval Academy, 36920 Marín, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sensors 2023, 23(7), 3435; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073435
Submission received: 8 March 2023 / Revised: 20 March 2023 / Accepted: 22 March 2023 / Published: 24 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Radar Sensors)
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Abstract

Passive radar is an interesting approach in the context of non-cooperative target detection. Because the signal source takes advantage of the so-called illuminator of opportunity (IoO), the deployed system is silent, allowing the operator cheap, portable, and practically undetectable deployments. These systems match perfectly with the use of antenna arrays to take advantage of the additional gains provided by the coherent combination of the signals received at each element. To obtain these benefits, linear processing methods are required to enhance the system’s performance. In this work, we summarize the main beamforming methods in the literature to provide a clear picture of the current state of the art. Next, we perform an analysis of the benefits and drawbacks and explore the chance of increasing the number of antenna elements. Finally, we identify the major challenges to be addressed by researchers in the future.
Keywords: passive radar; beamforming; cross ambiguity function; uniform linear array; MRC; MVDR; ZF passive radar; beamforming; cross ambiguity function; uniform linear array; MRC; MVDR; ZF

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MDPI and ACS Style

Núñez-Ortuño, J.M.; González-Coma, J.P.; Nocelo López, R.; Troncoso-Pastoriza, F.; Álvarez-Hernández, M. Beamforming Techniques for Passive Radar: An Overview. Sensors 2023, 23, 3435. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073435

AMA Style

Núñez-Ortuño JM, González-Coma JP, Nocelo López R, Troncoso-Pastoriza F, Álvarez-Hernández M. Beamforming Techniques for Passive Radar: An Overview. Sensors. 2023; 23(7):3435. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073435

Chicago/Turabian Style

Núñez-Ortuño, José M., José P. González-Coma, Rubén Nocelo López, Francisco Troncoso-Pastoriza, and María Álvarez-Hernández. 2023. "Beamforming Techniques for Passive Radar: An Overview" Sensors 23, no. 7: 3435. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073435

APA Style

Núñez-Ortuño, J. M., González-Coma, J. P., Nocelo López, R., Troncoso-Pastoriza, F., & Álvarez-Hernández, M. (2023). Beamforming Techniques for Passive Radar: An Overview. Sensors, 23(7), 3435. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073435

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