The Estimation of Knee Medial Force with Substitution Parameters during Walking and Turning †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental Protocols
2.3. Data Processing
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Walking Speed
3.2. pKMF Evaluation with pKAM, pKFM, pKAA, and WS
3.3. Knee Parameters of Different Level Walking Tasks
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Task | Predictors | Model | Beta Coefficients | R2 (Adj. R2) | Sig. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unstandardized | Std. Error | Standardized | t | Sig. | |||||
Straight walk | pKAM | Const | 1.402 | 0.081 | 17.268 | <0.001 | 0.284 (0.273) | <0.001 | |
pKAM | 16.042 | 3.232 | 0.533 | 4.963 | <0.001 | ||||
pKFM | Const | 1.557 | 0.107 | 14.502 | <0.001 | 0.071 (0.055) | 0.034 | ||
pKFM | 7.090 | 3.269 | 0.266 | 2.169 | 0.034 | ||||
pKAM pKFM | Const | 1.222 | 0.115 | 10.731 | <0.001 | 0.336 (0.314) | <0.001 | ||
pKAM | 15.545 | 3.154 | 0.517 | 4.941 | <0.001 | ||||
pKFM | 6.092 | 2.830 | 0.228 | 2.181 | 0.033 | ||||
pKAM pKFM pKAA | Const | 1.207 | 0.121 | 9.958 | <0.001 | 0.338 (0.305) | <0.001 | ||
pKAM | 15.185 | 3.297 | 0.505 | 4.606 | <0.001 | ||||
pKFM | 6.348 | 2.886 | 0.238 | 2.200 | 0.032 | ||||
pKAA | 0.006 | 0.015 | 0.044 | 0.396 | 0.694 | ||||
pKAM pKFM pKAA WS | Const | 0.404 | 0.398 | 1.016 | 0.314 | 0.384 (0.343) | <0.001 | ||
pKAM | 19.126 | 3.710 | 0.636 | 5.156 | <0.001 | ||||
pKFM | 4.645 | 3.583 | 0.062 | 0.459 | 0.648 | ||||
pKAA | −0.005 | 0.016 | −0.039 | −0.340 | 0.735 | ||||
WS | 0.881 | 0.417 | 0.295 | 2.111 | 0.039 | ||||
Step turn | pKAM | Const | 1.052 | 0.077 | 13.654 | <0.001 | 0.538 (0.530) | <0.001 | |
pKAM | 25.248 | 2.974 | 0.733 | 8.489 | <0.001 | ||||
pKAM pKFM | Const | 0.894 | 0.113 | 7.896 | <0.001 | 0.563 (0.548) | <0.001 | ||
pKAM | 25.671 | 2.925 | 0.746 | 8.778 | <0.001 | ||||
pKFM | 5.183 | 2.764 | 0.159 | 1.875 | 0.066 | ||||
pKAM pKFM pKAA | Const | 0.885 | 0.119 | 7.471 | <0.001 | 0.563 (0.541) | <0.001 | ||
pKAM | 25.572 | 2.972 | 0.743 | 8.604 | <0.001 | ||||
pKFM | 5.251 | 2.798 | 0.161 | 1.877 | 0.065 | ||||
pKAA | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.022 | 0.258 | 0.797 | ||||
pKAM pKFM pKAA WS | Const | 0.580 | 0.273 | 2.126 | 0.038 | 0.574 (0.545) | <0.001 | ||
pKAM | 25.399 | 2.962 | 0.738 | 8.574 | <0.001 | ||||
pKFM | 2.758 | 3.435 | 0.085 | 0.803 | 0.425 | ||||
pKAA | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.131 | 0.896 | ||||
WS | 0.395 | 0.318 | 0.130 | 1.240 | 0.220 | ||||
Crossover turn | pKAM | Const | 1.803 | 0.152 | 11.825 | <0.001 | 0.215 (0.203) | <0.001 | |
pKAM | 23.002 | 5.576 | 0.464 | 4.125 | <0.001 | ||||
pKAM pKFM | Const | 1.915 | 0.163 | 11.748 | <0.001 | 0.253 (0.228) | <0.001 | ||
pKAM | 25.391 | 5.653 | 0.512 | 4.492 | <0.001 | ||||
pKFM | −5.623 | 3.211 | −0.200 | −1.751 | 0.085 | ||||
pKAM pKFM pKAA | Const | 1.929 | 0.170 | 11.328 | <0.001 | 0.254 (0.217) | <0.001 | ||
pKAM | 25.342 | 5.697 | 0.521 | 4.448 | <0.001 | ||||
pKFM | −5.751 | 3.261 | −0.204 | −1.764 | 0.083 | ||||
pKAA | −0.008 | 0.024 | −0.035 | −0.313 | 0.756 | ||||
pKAM pKFM pKAA WS | Const | 1.805 | 0.429 | 4.208 | <0.001 | 0.255 (0.205) | 0.001 | ||
pKAM | 25.167 | 5.767 | 0.508 | 4.364 | <0.001 | ||||
pKFM | −5.969 | 3.358 | −0.212 | −1.778 | 0.081 | ||||
pKAA | −0.007 | 0.024 | −0.035 | −0.304 | 0.762 | ||||
WS | 0.442 | 0.442 | 0.037 | 0.315 | 0.754 |
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Liu, S.; Wang, Z.; Chen, J.; Xu, R.; Ming, D. The Estimation of Knee Medial Force with Substitution Parameters during Walking and Turning. Sensors 2024, 24, 5595. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175595
Liu S, Wang Z, Chen J, Xu R, Ming D. The Estimation of Knee Medial Force with Substitution Parameters during Walking and Turning. Sensors. 2024; 24(17):5595. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175595
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Shizhong, Ziyao Wang, Jingwen Chen, Rui Xu, and Dong Ming. 2024. "The Estimation of Knee Medial Force with Substitution Parameters during Walking and Turning" Sensors 24, no. 17: 5595. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175595