Overnight Sleep Staging Using Chest-Worn Accelerometry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Data Preprocessing
2.3. Sleep Stage Estimation
2.4. Performance Evaluation
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dataset | N | Female | Age 1 (Years) | BMI 1 (kg/m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
KH | 195 | 77 (39%) | 52 ± 17 [13–83] | 26 ± 4 [19–37] |
OLVG | 128 | 41 (32%) | 46 ± 13 [21–78] | 28 ± 5 [19–47] |
KH + OLVG | 323 | 118 (37%) | 50 ± 15 [13–83] | 28 ± 4 [19–47] |
Task | Cohen’s Kappa 3 | Accuracy 3 (%) | Sensitivity 3 (%) | Specificity 3 (%) | PPV 1,3 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wake/N1+N2 /N3/REM | 0.678 {0.577, 0.749} | 80.8 {75.6, 84.6} | |||
Wake/NREM /REM | 0.745 {0.650, 0.808} | 87.5 {83.1, 90.6} | |||
N1+N2 2 | 0.617 {0.510, 0.699} | 81.8 {77.2, 85.3} | 85.4 {80.2, 90.4} | 79.1 {70.0, 85.1} | 82.6 {76.8, 88.7} |
N3 2 | 0.645 {0.363, 0.769} | 93.6 {91.1, 95.7} | 66.3 ±27.4 | 97.6 {94.5, 99.4} | 65.3 ±32.3 |
REM 2 | 0.779 {0.641, 0.861} | 94.8 {92.1, 96.7} | 76.8 ±21.1 | 97.9 {95.7, 99.1} | 78.0 ±23.9 |
Wake 2 (vs. Sleep) | 0.723 {0.609, 0.804} | 93.3 {89.7, 95.4} | 78.7 {66.2, 88.3} | 96.6 {93.9, 98.1} | 81.1 {68.4, 90.0} |
Estimate → Reference ↓ | N1+N2 | N3 | REM | Wake |
---|---|---|---|---|
N1+N2 | 144,578 (84.2%) | 10,334 (6.0%) | 6558 (3.8%) | 10,150 (5.9%) |
N3 | 10,943 (33.6%) | 21,238 (65.2%) | 271 (0.8%) | 126 (0.4%) |
REM | 9744 (20.7%) | 45 (0.1%) | 36,395 (77.1%) | 1001 (2.1%) |
Wake | 14,009 (20.9%) | 293 (0.4%) | 1865 (2.8%) | 50,898 (75.9%) |
Statistic | PSG 3 | Error 1,3 | 95% LoA 2 |
---|---|---|---|
Total sleep time (min) | 412 {338, 454} | 2.5 {−9.5, 17.0} | −51.0, 107.7 |
Sleep latency (min) | 16 {6, 37} | 1.5 {−2.5, 5.5} | −42.8, 27.9 |
Wake after sleep onset (min) | 60 {32, 106} | −3.0 {−16.8, 8.0} | −101.5, 45.0 |
Stage R latency (min) | 120 {86, 170} | 0.5 {−1.5, 3.0} | −140.8, 131.2 |
Sleep efficiency (%) | 83 {72, 90} | 0.5 {−2.0, 3.5} | −10.9, 21.1 |
Time in Wake (min) | 84 {48, 138} | −2.5 {−17.0, 9.5} | −107.8, 50.9 |
Time in REM (min) | 76 {48, 97} | −3.5 {−15.5, 7.5} | −53.0, 41.3 |
Time in N1+N2 (min) | 274 {229, 308} | 10.0 {−16.8, 36.0} | −72.5, 114.0 |
Time in N3 (min) | 50 {25, 71} | −1.5 {−19.5, 16.8} | −64.5, 61.9 |
Percentage of TST in Wake (%) | 20 {11, 40} | −0.6 {−5.9, 3.2} | −55.7, 21.9 |
Percentage of TST in REM (%) | 19 {15, 24} | −1.2 {−4.2, 1.9} | −13.3, 10.0 |
Percentage of TST in N1+N2 (%) | 67 {61, 74} | 2.1 {−4.3, 7.3} | −18.1, 23.2 |
Percentage of TST in N3 (%) | 13 {7, 18} | −0.6 {−5.6, 4.5} | −17.1, 17.2 |
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Share and Cite
Schipper, F.; Grassi, A.; Ross, M.; Cerny, A.; Anderer, P.; Hermans, L.; van Meulen, F.; Leentjens, M.; Schoustra, E.; Bosschieter, P.; et al. Overnight Sleep Staging Using Chest-Worn Accelerometry. Sensors 2024, 24, 5717. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175717
Schipper F, Grassi A, Ross M, Cerny A, Anderer P, Hermans L, van Meulen F, Leentjens M, Schoustra E, Bosschieter P, et al. Overnight Sleep Staging Using Chest-Worn Accelerometry. Sensors. 2024; 24(17):5717. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175717
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchipper, Fons, Angela Grassi, Marco Ross, Andreas Cerny, Peter Anderer, Lieke Hermans, Fokke van Meulen, Mickey Leentjens, Emily Schoustra, Pien Bosschieter, and et al. 2024. "Overnight Sleep Staging Using Chest-Worn Accelerometry" Sensors 24, no. 17: 5717. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175717