Design and Tracking Control Experimental Study of a Hybrid Reluctance-Actuated Fast Steering Mirror with an Integrated Sensing Unit

Zhou, Jian; Fan, Yudong; Li, Liang; Zhang, Feng; Feng, Bo; Xu, Minglong

doi:10.3390/s25030910

Open AccessArticle

Design and Tracking Control Experimental Study of a Hybrid Reluctance-Actuated Fast Steering Mirror with an Integrated Sensing Unit

by

Jian Zhou

¹,

Yudong Fan

²,

Liang Li

¹,

Feng Zhang

¹,

Bo Feng

¹ and

Minglong Xu

^1,*

¹

State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

²

Xi’an Aerospace Propulsion Institute, Xi’an 710100, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Sensors 2025, 25(3), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030910

Submission received: 12 January 2025 / Revised: 22 January 2025 / Accepted: 27 January 2025 / Published: 3 February 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spacecraft Vibration Suppression and Measurement Sensor Technology)

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Abstract

This study proposes the design of a hybrid reluctance-actuated fast steering mirror (HRAFSM) using Maxwell’s electromagnetic normal stress principle. Strain gauges were attached to the flexible supports as sensors for measuring the rotation angles. According to Maxwell’s stress tensor theory and the theory of vibration mechanics, we obtained the dynamic equation of the HRAFSM in the uniaxial direction to investigate the relationship between the input current and the output angle of the entire system. Further, we propose a control algorithm combining proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and adaptive inverse control (AIC) to achieve high-precision control. We established an experimental system for testing and validation of the control method. The experimental results showed that the designed HRAFSM can achieve the expected rotation angle of ±1.5 mrad, and revealed a linear relationship between the rotation angle of the two axes and their corresponding strain voltages. The effectiveness of the designed controller was verified, and the amplitude tracking errors of the x- and y-axes were 0.1% and 0.14%, respectively.

Keywords: fast steering mirror; reluctance actuator; strain sensor; tracking control; adaptive inverse control

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, J.; Fan, Y.; Li, L.; Zhang, F.; Feng, B.; Xu, M. Design and Tracking Control Experimental Study of a Hybrid Reluctance-Actuated Fast Steering Mirror with an Integrated Sensing Unit. Sensors 2025, 25, 910. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030910

AMA Style

Zhou J, Fan Y, Li L, Zhang F, Feng B, Xu M. Design and Tracking Control Experimental Study of a Hybrid Reluctance-Actuated Fast Steering Mirror with an Integrated Sensing Unit. Sensors. 2025; 25(3):910. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030910

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Jian, Yudong Fan, Liang Li, Feng Zhang, Bo Feng, and Minglong Xu. 2025. "Design and Tracking Control Experimental Study of a Hybrid Reluctance-Actuated Fast Steering Mirror with an Integrated Sensing Unit" Sensors 25, no. 3: 910. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030910

APA Style

Zhou, J., Fan, Y., Li, L., Zhang, F., Feng, B., & Xu, M. (2025). Design and Tracking Control Experimental Study of a Hybrid Reluctance-Actuated Fast Steering Mirror with an Integrated Sensing Unit. Sensors, 25(3), 910. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030910

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Design and Tracking Control Experimental Study of a Hybrid Reluctance-Actuated Fast Steering Mirror with an Integrated Sensing Unit

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