Sensors, Volume 25, Issue 3

This paper addresses the problem of large-angle attitude maneuvering and tracking control for rigid spacecraft, considering angular velocity and torque constraints, actuator faults, and external disturbances. First, a sliding-mode-like vector is cons...

Mesoscale air–sea interaction, which is active in Western Boundary Currents (WBCs), has a non-negligible effect on mid-latitude climate variability. The analysis and prediction of the mesoscale air–sea interaction rely on high-resolution...

Background: Orthostatic hypotension can occur during acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and subsequently persist. We investigated whether a gait rehabilitation robot combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) stabilizes hemodynamics during ort...

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, emphasizing the critical need for early detection and monitoring techniques. Conventional imaging modalities such as mammography, MRI, and ultrasound have face sensitivity, s...

The Internet of Drones (IoD) is an emerging industry that offers convenient services for humans due to the high mobility and flexibility of drones. The IoD substantially enhances human life by enabling diverse drone applications across various domain...

This paper presents the design and the performance of a wide tuning-range millimeter-wave (mm-wave) two-core class-C 60 GHz VCO in 40 nm CMOS process, which can be integrated into wireless communication transceivers and radar sensors. The proposed ar...

Addressing the problem of inadequate environmental detection in the process of optimizing search for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) by a heuristic algorithm, this paper proposes a comprehensive visual perception method that combines a lightweight c...

Noisy inputs pose significant challenges for reinforcement learning (RL) agents navigating real-world environments. While animals demonstrate robust spatial learning under dynamic conditions, the mechanisms underlying this resilience remain understud...

This paper addresses the critical challenge of understanding and interpreting deep learning models in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications, specifically focusing on multipath effect detection and analysis. As GNSS systems become inc...

The failure accidents of prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) seriously affect the economic feasibility of the construction site. The traditional method of needing to stop construction for pipe inspection is time-consuming and laborious. This pa...

Accurate prediction of the Sharpe ratio, a key metric for risk-adjusted returns in financial markets, remains a significant challenge due to the complex and stochastic nature of stock price movements. This paper introduces a novel deep learning model...

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the characteristics of force development and electromyographic activity of the quadriceps muscles in the isometric mid-shin pull (MSP) and the countermovement jump (CMJ) p...

In traffic surveillance systems, accurate camera–LiDAR calibration is critical for effective detection and robust environmental recognition. Due to the significant distances at which sensors are positioned to cover extensive areas and minimize...

In this paper, we present the logic designs of two FPGA hardware programming algorithms implemented for a Coherent Doppler Lidar system used in wind sensing. The first algorithm divides the received time-domain signals into segments, each correspondi...

This study addresses the divergence issues in GPS navigation systems caused by inaccuracies in dynamic modeling and explores solutions using the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Since algorithms such as the Kalman filter (KF) and EKF rely on assumed pro...

The development of advanced detection systems for charged particles in laser-based accelerators and the need for precise time of flight measurements have led to the creation of detectors using ultra-thin plastic scintillators, indicating their use as...

Ensuring the safety and quality of poultry products requires efficient detection and removal of foreign materials during processing. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) offers a non-invasive mechanism to capture detailed spatial and spectral information, ena...

The integration of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and federated learning (FL) can be a promising approach to achieving secure and collaborative AI-driven Industry 4.0 and beyond. FL enables the collaborative training of a global model under...

This work presents an imaging testing system (software and hardware) that can generate repeatable images through a stabilized port in the soil for processes known to change with time. The system includes (i) a stabilized port in the ground made of st...

Traffic flow prediction can guide the rational layout of land use. Accurate traffic flow prediction can provide an important basis for urban expansion planning. This paper introduces a personalized lightweight federated learning framework (PLFL) for...

This study investigates the feasibility of a dry electrode cap design for neonatal electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Recordings on a phantom and a real infant are compared between a novel dry electrode cap and a clinically used gel-based electro...

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) struggles to deliver the precision and reliability required for positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services in environments with severe interference. Fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks, with t...

Spaceborne instruments have an irreplaceable role in detecting fundamental vegetation features that link physical properties to ecological theory, but their success depends on our understanding of the complex dynamics that control plant spectral prop...

Flexible tactile sensors are widely used in aerospace, medical and health monitoring, electronic skin, human–computer interaction, and other fields due to their unique advantages, thus becoming a research hotspot. The goal is to develop a flexi...

To examine the association between post-stroke depression (PSD) and macrostructural and microstructural brain measures, and to explore whether changes in accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) are associated with PSD, we conducted an explorato...

The dielectric constant, or permittivity, is a fundamental property that characterizes a material’s electromagnetic behavior, crucial for diverse applications in agriculture, healthcare, industry, and scientific research. In microwave engineeri...

This study employed a full-scale cement sheath quality evaluation apparatus, along with a high-precision distributed fiber optic temperature sensing system, to perform real-time, continuous monitoring of the temperature change throughout the cement h...

In congenital blindness (CB), tactile and auditory information can be reinterpreted by the brain to compensate for visual information through brain plasticity mechanisms triggered by training [...]

Over the past decade, the large-scale spread of influenza viruses has posed an increasing burden on public health. The effective screening of influenza agents requires a fast, precise, on-site and easy-to-operate method. Unfortunately, current screen...

Pedestrian trajectory prediction is widely used in various applications, such as intelligent transportation systems, autonomous driving, and social robotics. Precisely forecasting surrounding pedestrians’ future trajectories can assist intellig...

Wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) address the energy scarcity problem in wireless sensor networks by introducing mobile chargers (MCs) to recharge energy-hungry sensor nodes. Scheduling MCs to charge the recharge nodes is the primary focu...

Optimizing transportation routes to improve delivery efficiency and resource utilization in dynamic supply chain scenarios is a challenging task. Traditional route optimization methods often struggle with complex supply chain network structures and d...

In this article, a wideband single-layer reflectarray antenna for Ku-band applications is presented. The proposed reflectarray antenna is suitable for applications such as fixed satellite service (FSS), broadcasting satellite service (BSS), earth exp...

Computational spectrometers based on coded measurement and computational reconstruction have great application prospects. This paper proposes a computational spectrometer that has a low cost, is easy to implement in hardware, and has high reconstruct...

Traditional facial recognition is realized by facial recognition algorithms based on 2D or 3D digital images and has been well developed and has found wide applications in areas related to identification verification. In this work, we propose a novel...

Visibility can be interpreted as the largest distance of an object that can be recognized or detected under a bright environment that can be used as an environmental indicator for weather conditions and air pollution. The accuracy of the classical ap...

High-resolution RGB-D sensors are widely used in computer vision, manufacturing, and robotics. The depth maps from these sensors have inherently high measurement uncertainty that includes both systematic and non-systematic noise. These noisy depth es...

One of the challenges in calibrating millimeter-wave radar and camera lies in the sparse semantic information of the radar point cloud, making it hard to extract environment features corresponding to the images. To overcome this problem, we propose a...

This is an editorial paper focusing on emerging topics in joint wireless positioning, sensing, and communications. After introducing the sometimes-confusing and non-unified terminology in the field and defining the overall research area under the com...

Tree roots are vital for tree ecosystems; accurate root detection helps analyze the health of trees and supports the effective management of resources such as fertilizers, water and pesticides. In this paper, a deep learning-based ground-penetrating...

A highly sensitive light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) sensor employing a charge amplifier (CA) is reported for the first time in this invited paper. CA has the merits of high input impedance and strong anti-interference ability. The usu...

Extreme heat is one of the main climate-induced public health risks to communities around the world. Understanding an individual’s vulnerability to heat is challenging, as heat exposures vary significantly depending on occupation, travel behavi...

Infrared deflectometry is an efficient and accurate measuring method for curved surfaces fabricated via grinding or finish milling. The emitting properties and geometrical configurations of the infrared light source is a core component governing the...

False data injection attacks (FDIAs) targeting AC state estimation pose significant challenges, especially when only power measurements are available, and voltage measurements are absent. Current machine learning-based approaches struggle to effectiv...

In sports science, accurate tracking of athletes’ movement patterns is essential for performance analysis and injury prevention. Changes of direction (COD), frequently executed during basketball games at cutting angles of around 135° (inter...

This study proposes an adaptive non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control (NFTSMC)-based direct yaw moment control (DYC) strategy to enhance driving stability in four-wheel independent drive (4WID) electric vehicles. Unlike conventional SMC, th...

A capacitive six-axis force/torque (F/T) sensor has favorable characteristics for miniature design. However, when designing small-sized force/torque sensors, anisotropy among the six axes can lead to uneven sensitivity across each axis. This is due t...

By leveraging the high correlation between multi-ping echo data, low-rank and sparse decomposition methods are applied for reverberation suppression. Previous methods typically perform decomposition on the vectorized multi-ping echograph, which is ob...

Numerous studies have previously explored the perception of horizontal movements. This includes research on Redirected Walking (RDW). However, the challenge of replicating the sensation of vertical movement has remained a recurring theme. Many conven...

Plastic pollution in waterways poses a significant global challenge, largely stemming from land-based sources and subsequently transported by rivers to marine environments. With a substantial percentage of marine plastic waste originating from land-b...