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Review

Targeting Nuclear Receptors in Lung Cancer—Novel Therapeutic Prospects

1
Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
2
Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
3
NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(5), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050624
Submission received: 13 April 2022 / Revised: 10 May 2022 / Accepted: 13 May 2022 / Published: 18 May 2022

Abstract

Lung cancer, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, is the major cause of fatalities worldwide for both men and women, with an estimated 2.2 million new incidences and 1.8 million deaths, according to GLOBOCAN 2020. Although various risk factors for lung cancer pathogenesis have been reported, controlling smoking alone has a significant value as a preventive measure. In spite of decades of extensive research, mechanistic cues and targets need to be profoundly explored to develop potential diagnostics, treatments, and reliable therapies for this disease. Nuclear receptors (NRs) function as transcription factors that control diverse biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, development, and metabolism. The aberrant expression of NRs has been involved in a variety of disorders, including cancer. Deregulation of distinct NRs in lung cancer has been associated with numerous events, including mutations, epigenetic modifications, and different signaling cascades. Substantial efforts have been made to develop several small molecules as agonists or antagonists directed to target specific NRs for inhibiting tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion and inducing apoptosis in lung cancer, which makes NRs promising candidates for reliable lung cancer therapeutics. The current work focuses on the importance of various NRs in the development and progression of lung cancer and highlights the different small molecules (e.g., agonist or antagonist) that influence NR expression, with the goal of establishing them as viable therapeutics to combat lung cancer.
Keywords: lung cancer; nuclear receptors; agonists/antagonists; biomarker; cell growth lung cancer; nuclear receptors; agonists/antagonists; biomarker; cell growth

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Gangwar, S.K.; Kumar, A.; Yap, K.C.-H.; Jose, S.; Parama, D.; Sethi, G.; Kumar, A.P.; Kunnumakkara, A.B. Targeting Nuclear Receptors in Lung Cancer—Novel Therapeutic Prospects. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15, 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050624

AMA Style

Gangwar SK, Kumar A, Yap KC-H, Jose S, Parama D, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Targeting Nuclear Receptors in Lung Cancer—Novel Therapeutic Prospects. Pharmaceuticals. 2022; 15(5):624. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050624

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gangwar, Shailendra Kumar, Aviral Kumar, Kenneth Chun-Hong Yap, Sandra Jose, Dey Parama, Gautam Sethi, Alan Prem Kumar, and Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara. 2022. "Targeting Nuclear Receptors in Lung Cancer—Novel Therapeutic Prospects" Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5: 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050624

APA Style

Gangwar, S. K., Kumar, A., Yap, K. C.-H., Jose, S., Parama, D., Sethi, G., Kumar, A. P., & Kunnumakkara, A. B. (2022). Targeting Nuclear Receptors in Lung Cancer—Novel Therapeutic Prospects. Pharmaceuticals, 15(5), 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050624

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