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Pharmaceuticals
Volume 16
Issue 12
10.3390/ph16121660
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Article

Novel Anthranilic Acid Hybrids—An Alternative Weapon against Inflammatory Diseases

by
Miglena Milusheva
1,2,
Mina Todorova
1,
Vera Gledacheva
3,
Iliyana Stefanova
3,
Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi
4,
Mina Pencheva
3,
Paraskev Nedialkov
5,
Yulian Tumbarski
6,
Velichka Yanakieva
6,
Slava Tsoneva
7 and
Stoyanka Nikolova
1,*
1
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2
Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
3
Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan P.O. Box 98135-674, Iran
5
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
6
Department of Microbiology, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
7
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(12), 1660; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16121660
Submission received: 19 October 2023 / Revised: 21 November 2023 / Accepted: 28 November 2023 / Published: 29 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 20th Anniversary of Pharmaceuticals—Advances in Medicinal Chemistry)
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Abstract

Anti-inflammatory drugs are used to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation while protecting the cardiovascular system. However, the side effects of currently available medications have limited their usage. Due to these adverse effects, there is a significant need for new drugs. The current trend of research has shifted towards the synthesis of novel anthranilic acid hybrids as anti-inflammatory agents. Phenyl- or benzyl-substituted hybrids exerted very good anti-inflammatory effects in preventing albumin denaturation. To confirm their anti-inflammatory effects, additional ex vivo tests were conducted. These immunohistochemical studies explicated the same compounds with better anti-inflammatory potential. To determine the binding affinity and interaction mode, as well as to explain the anti-inflammatory activities, the molecular docking simulation of the compounds was investigated against human serum albumin. The biological evaluation of the compounds was completed, assessing their antimicrobial activity and spasmolytic effect. Based on the experimental data, we can conclude that a collection of novel hybrids was successfully synthesized, and they can be considered anti-inflammatory drug candidates—alternatives to current therapeutics.
Keywords: synthesis; hybrid molecules; anthranilic acid; in silico; DFT calculations; docking; anti-inflammatory; spasmolytic activity; antimicrobial synthesis; hybrid molecules; anthranilic acid; in silico; DFT calculations; docking; anti-inflammatory; spasmolytic activity; antimicrobial

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Milusheva, M.; Todorova, M.; Gledacheva, V.; Stefanova, I.; Feizi-Dehnayebi, M.; Pencheva, M.; Nedialkov, P.; Tumbarski, Y.; Yanakieva, V.; Tsoneva, S.; et al. Novel Anthranilic Acid Hybrids—An Alternative Weapon against Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 1660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16121660

AMA Style

Milusheva M, Todorova M, Gledacheva V, Stefanova I, Feizi-Dehnayebi M, Pencheva M, Nedialkov P, Tumbarski Y, Yanakieva V, Tsoneva S, et al. Novel Anthranilic Acid Hybrids—An Alternative Weapon against Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceuticals. 2023; 16(12):1660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16121660

Chicago/Turabian Style

Milusheva, Miglena, Mina Todorova, Vera Gledacheva, Iliyana Stefanova, Mehran Feizi-Dehnayebi, Mina Pencheva, Paraskev Nedialkov, Yulian Tumbarski, Velichka Yanakieva, Slava Tsoneva, and et al. 2023. "Novel Anthranilic Acid Hybrids—An Alternative Weapon against Inflammatory Diseases" Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 12: 1660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16121660

APA Style

Milusheva, M., Todorova, M., Gledacheva, V., Stefanova, I., Feizi-Dehnayebi, M., Pencheva, M., Nedialkov, P., Tumbarski, Y., Yanakieva, V., Tsoneva, S., & Nikolova, S. (2023). Novel Anthranilic Acid Hybrids—An Alternative Weapon against Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceuticals, 16(12), 1660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16121660

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