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Volume 16
Issue 2
10.3390/ph16020299
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Review

Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective

by
Adarsh Kumar
1,†,
Ankit Kumar Singh
1,†,
Harshwardhan Singh
1,
Veena Vijayan
1,
Deepak Kumar
1,
Jashwanth Naik
1,
Suresh Thareja
1,
Jagat Pal Yadav
2,
Prateek Pathak
3,
Maria Grishina
3,
Amita Verma
4,
Habibullah Khalilullah
5,
Mariusz Jaremko
6,
Abdul-Hamid Emwas
7 and
Pradeep Kumar
1,*
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
2
Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rama University, Kanpur 209217, India
3
Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University, 454008 Chelyabinsk, Russia
4
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India
5
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah 51911, Saudi Arabia
6
Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
7
Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(2), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020299
Submission received: 9 January 2023 / Revised: 26 January 2023 / Accepted: 28 January 2023 / Published: 14 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen Containing Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry)
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Abstract

Cancer is one of the major healthcare challenges across the globe. Several anticancer drugs are available on the market but they either lack specificity or have poor safety, severe side effects, and suffer from resistance. So, there is a dire need to develop safer and target-specific anticancer drugs. More than 85% of all physiologically active pharmaceuticals are heterocycles or contain at least one heteroatom. Nitrogen heterocycles constituting the most common heterocyclic framework. In this study, we have compiled the FDA approved heterocyclic drugs with nitrogen atoms and their pharmacological properties. Moreover, we have reported nitrogen containing heterocycles, including pyrimidine, quinolone, carbazole, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, β-lactam, indole, pyrazole, quinazoline, quinoxaline, isatin, pyrrolo-benzodiazepines, and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines, which are used in the treatment of different types of cancer, concurrently covering the biochemical mechanisms of action and cellular targets.
Keywords: heterocyclic; anti-cancer; FDA; nitrogen-containing heterocyclic; biological activity heterocyclic; anti-cancer; FDA; nitrogen-containing heterocyclic; biological activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kumar, A.; Singh, A.K.; Singh, H.; Vijayan, V.; Kumar, D.; Naik, J.; Thareja, S.; Yadav, J.P.; Pathak, P.; Grishina, M.; et al. Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020299

AMA Style

Kumar A, Singh AK, Singh H, Vijayan V, Kumar D, Naik J, Thareja S, Yadav JP, Pathak P, Grishina M, et al. Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. Pharmaceuticals. 2023; 16(2):299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020299

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kumar, Adarsh, Ankit Kumar Singh, Harshwardhan Singh, Veena Vijayan, Deepak Kumar, Jashwanth Naik, Suresh Thareja, Jagat Pal Yadav, Prateek Pathak, Maria Grishina, and et al. 2023. "Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective" Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 2: 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020299

APA Style

Kumar, A., Singh, A. K., Singh, H., Vijayan, V., Kumar, D., Naik, J., Thareja, S., Yadav, J. P., Pathak, P., Grishina, M., Verma, A., Khalilullah, H., Jaremko, M., Emwas, A.-H., & Kumar, P. (2023). Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020299

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