Azithromycin and Sildenafil May Have Protective Effects on Retinal Ganglion Cells via Different Pathways: Study in a Rodent Microbead Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. IOP Measurements
2.2. Histology
2.3. Molecular Analysis
2.3.1. Glaucoma Microbead Model: WT Mice
2.3.2. AZ Treatment: WT Mice
2.3.3. Sildenafil Treatment: WT Mice
2.3.4. Glaucoma Microbead Model: TLR4KO Mice
2.4. Immunohistochemistry
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Animals
4.2. Microbead-Induced Glaucoma Model
4.3. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure
4.4. Dosages
4.5. Treatment with AZ and Sildenafil
4.6. Molecular Analysis
RNA Extraction, Conversion to cDNA, and Analysis by RT-PCR
4.7. Histological Analysis
4.7.1. Cryosection
4.7.2. H&E Staining, RGC Count, and Retinal Thickness Measurement
4.7.3. Immunofluorescent Assays
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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(A) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Eye | Retinal Thickness (µm) | Retinal Ganglion Cell Count (Number of Cells in 200 µm Section) | ||
Mean (SD) | p-Value | Mean (SD) | p-Value | ||
Microbeads only | right | 183.27 (30.93) | 0.009 | 20.37 (3.82) | 0.003 |
left | 198.34 (28.94) | 22.41 (4.35) | |||
Microbeads + IP azithromycin | right | 189.72 (23.71) | 0.002 | 21.87 (4.92) | <0.001 |
left | 200.79 (27.98) | 25.13 (5.02) | |||
Microbeads + IP or IVT sildenafil | right | 192.55 (17.68) | 0.565 | 21.12 (4.71) | 0.798 |
left | 193.79 (19.42) | 21.24 (3.9) | |||
Microbeads + IP sildenafil | right | 193.44 (17.21) | 0.363 | 20.68 (4.56) | 0.145 |
left | 195.73 (18.91) | 21.42 (3.67) | |||
Microbeads + IVT sildenafil | right | 186.99 (19.97) | 0.405 | 23.96 (4.8) | 0.003 |
left | 191.3 (19.92) | 21.06 (4.12) | |||
(B) | |||||
Group | Retinal Thickness (µm) | Retinal Ganglion Cell Count (Number of Cells in 200µm Section) | |||
Mean (SD) | p-Value * | Mean (SD) | p-Value * | ||
Microbeads only | 183.27 (30.93) | 20.37 (3.82) | |||
Microbeads + IP azithromycin | 189.62 (23.71) | 0.188 | 21.87 (4.92) | 0.017 | |
Microbeads + IP or IVT sildenafil | 192.55 (17.68) | 0.037 | 21.12 [4.71) | 0.226 |
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Sela, T.C.; Zahavi, A.; Friedman-Gohas, M.; Weiss, S.; Sternfeld, A.; Ilguisonis, A.; Badash, D.; Geffen, N.; Ofri, R.; BarKana, Y.; et al. Azithromycin and Sildenafil May Have Protective Effects on Retinal Ganglion Cells via Different Pathways: Study in a Rodent Microbead Model. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040486
Sela TC, Zahavi A, Friedman-Gohas M, Weiss S, Sternfeld A, Ilguisonis A, Badash D, Geffen N, Ofri R, BarKana Y, et al. Azithromycin and Sildenafil May Have Protective Effects on Retinal Ganglion Cells via Different Pathways: Study in a Rodent Microbead Model. Pharmaceuticals. 2023; 16(4):486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040486
Chicago/Turabian StyleSela, Tal Corina, Alon Zahavi, Moran Friedman-Gohas, Shirel Weiss, Amir Sternfeld, Astrid Ilguisonis, Danielle Badash, Noa Geffen, Ron Ofri, Yaniv BarKana, and et al. 2023. "Azithromycin and Sildenafil May Have Protective Effects on Retinal Ganglion Cells via Different Pathways: Study in a Rodent Microbead Model" Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 4: 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040486