Comprehensive Analysis of Drug-Induced Parkinson-like Events
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Preparing Data Tables for Analysis
2.2. Relevance of Parkinson-like Events to Patient Characteristics
2.3. Relationship between Parkinson-like Events and Drugs
2.4. Hierarchical Clustering of Parkinson-like Events
2.5. Star Dendrogram Associated with Parkinson-like Events
2.6. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Shows Association between Parkinson-like Events and Drugs
3. Discussion
3.1. Parkinson-like Events and Patient Characteristics
3.2. Relationship between Parkinson-like Events and Drugs
3.3. Hierarchical Clustering Analysis of Side Effects Associated with Parkinsonian-like Events
3.4. PCA of Side Effects Related to Parkinson-like Events
3.5. Complex Parkinson-like Events Caused by Drugs
3.6. Limitations
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Database (JADER)
4.2. Drugs to Be Analyzed and Adverse Event Terms
4.3. Creation of a Data Table for Analysis
4.4. Parkinson-like Events and Patient Characteristics
4.5. Relationship between Parkinson-like Events and Drugs
4.6. Hierarchical Clustering
4.7. PCA
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient Background | Parkinson-like Events (1472) | Non-Parkinson-like Events (695,733) | Reporting Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value (Fisher’s Exact Test) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Female | 812/1472 | 340,077/695,733 | 1.287 | 1.161–1.426 | <0.0001 |
Male | 660/1472 | 355,656/695,733 | ||||
Age | ≥40 years old | 1307/1472 | 581,156/695,733 | 1.562 | 1.328–1.836 | <0.0001 |
<40 years old | 165/1472 | 114,577/695,733 | 0.0597 | |||
≥70 years old | 761/1472 | 287,019/695,733 | 1.524 | 1.376–1.688 | <0.0001 | |
<70 years old | 711/1472 | 408,714/695,733 | 0.8218 |
Drugs | Reporting Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | a + b |
---|---|---|---|---|
SULPIRIDE | 20.10 | 17.87~22.6 | <0.0001 | 10,814 |
PEROSPIRONE HYDROCHLORIDE | 14.48 | 10.95~19.14 | <0.0001 | 2475 |
BLONANSERIN | 11.13 | 8.37~14.78 | <0.0001 | 3078 |
ARIPIPRAZOLE | 10.44 | 8.88~12.28 | <0.0001 | 10,268 |
HALOPERIDOL | 9.37 | 7.75~11.32 | <0.0001 | 8280 |
RISPERIDONE | 8.50 | 7.38~9.79 | <0.0001 | 16,740 |
BIPERIDEN HYDROCHLORIDE | 7.16 | 5.75~8.91 | <0.0001 | 8016 |
MIRTAZAPINE | 6.90 | 5.39~8.84 | <0.0001 | 6466 |
QUETIAPINE FUMARATE | 6.68 | 5.63~7.93 | <0.0001 | 14,234 |
PAROXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE | 6.22 | 5.19~7.47 | <0.0001 | 13,431 |
OLANZAPINE | 5.86 | 4.81~7.13 | <0.0001 | 12,077 |
LITHIUM CARBONATE | 5.77 | 4.66~7.13 | <0.0001 | 10,542 |
CLONAZEPAM | 5.56 | 4.56~6.79 | <0.0001 | 12,455 |
FLUNITRAZEPAM | 5.03 | 4.28~5.92 | <0.0001 | 20,815 |
Preferred Terms | R2 |
---|---|
PARKINSONISM | 0.724 |
PARKINSON’S DISEASE | 0.882 |
MUSCLE RIGIDITY | 0.926 |
AKINESIA | 0.966 |
BRADYKINESIA | 0.958 |
ON AND OFF PHENOMENON | 0.963 |
PARKINSONIAN GAIT | 0.971 |
HYPERTONIA | 0.961 |
RESTING TREMOR | 0.957 |
Preferred Terms | Number of Reports |
---|---|
PARKINSONISM | 5007 |
PARKINSON’S DISEASE | 1891 |
MUSCLE RIGIDITY | 923 |
AKINESIA | 482 |
BRADYKINESIA | 480 |
ON AND OFF PHENOMENON | 187 |
PARKINSONIAN GAIT | 183 |
HYPERTONIA | 165 |
RESTING TREMOR | 63 |
Parkinson-like Events | Non-Parkinson-like Events | |
---|---|---|
Reports with the suspected drugs | a | b |
All other reports | c | d |
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Kikegawa, M.; Sone, H.; Uesawa, Y. Comprehensive Analysis of Drug-Induced Parkinson-like Events. Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17, 1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17081099
Kikegawa M, Sone H, Uesawa Y. Comprehensive Analysis of Drug-Induced Parkinson-like Events. Pharmaceuticals. 2024; 17(8):1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17081099
Chicago/Turabian StyleKikegawa, Mami, Hideko Sone, and Yoshihiro Uesawa. 2024. "Comprehensive Analysis of Drug-Induced Parkinson-like Events" Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 8: 1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17081099