Sustained Long-Term Decline in Anti-HCV Neutralizing Antibodies in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients Five Years after HCV Therapy: A Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Anti-HCV Antibody Titers
3.3. Anti-HCV Nonresponse Rate
4. Discussion
Limitations of This Study
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Design and Patients
5.2. Clinical Data and Samples
5.3. Laboratory Assays
5.3.1. Cell Culture
5.3.2. Cloning, Expression, and Purification of E2 Glycoproteins
5.3.3. Chimeric Viruses
5.3.4. Quantitative ELISA Antibody Titration and HCV Neutralization Assays
5.4. Outcomes
5.5. Statistical Analysis
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
List of Abbreviations
AMR | arithmetic mean ratio |
Anti-E2-Abs | anti-E2 antibodies |
Anti-HCV-nAbs | neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis C virus |
cART | combination antiretroviral therapy |
DAA | direct-acting antiviral |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
FBS | fetal bovine serum |
FDR | false discovery rate |
GLMM | generalized linear mixed model |
Gt | genotype |
HBV | hepatitis B virus |
HCV | hepatitis C virus |
HCVcc | cell-culture-derived infectious HCV |
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
IFN | interferon |
IQR | interquartile range |
LSM | liver stiffness measurement |
OR | odds ratio |
PEG-IFNα | pegylated interferon alpha |
RBV | ribavirin |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
SVR | sustained virologic response |
WHO | World Health Organization |
Appendix A
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Characteristics | Data |
---|---|
No. | 76 |
Epidemiological data | |
Age (years), median [IQR] | 51 [47–54] |
Gender (male), n (%) | 62 (81.6) |
BMI (kg/m2), median [IQR] | 24.7 [21.7–28.7] |
Smoker, n (%) | |
- Never | 5 (6.6) |
- Previous (>6 months) | 21 (27.6) |
- Current | 50 (65.8) |
Alcohol intake (>50 g/day), n (%) | |
- Never | 40 (52.6) |
- Previous (>6 months) | 33 (43.4) |
- Current | 3 (3.9) |
Intravenous drug user, n (%) | |
- Never | 18 (23.7) |
- Previous (>6 months) | 58 (76.3) |
- Current | 0 (0) |
HIV markers | |
Prior AIDS, n (%) | 3 (3.9) |
Nadir CD4+/mm3, median [IQR] | 145.0 [95.0–238.5] |
Nadir < 200 CD4+/mm3, n (%) | 24 (32.4) |
Baseline CD4+/mm3, median [IQR] | 518.0 [294.0–721.8] |
Baseline > 500 CD4+/mm3, n (%) | 40 (52.6) |
HIV antiretroviral therapy, n (%) | |
NRTI + NNRTI | 19 (27.5) |
NRTI + II | 30 (43.5) |
NRTI + PI | 15 (21.7) |
PI+II + NNRTI/MVC | 2 (2.9) |
Others | 3 (4.3) |
Liver disease markers | |
LSM (kPa), median [IQR] | 20.3 [12.4–34.8] |
- 9.5 to 12.4 kPa | 19 (25.0) |
- 12.5 kPa to 19.9 kPa | 18 (23.7) |
- ≥20 kPa | 39 (51.3) |
Hepatic decompensation, n (%) | 8 (10.5) |
HCV therapy, n (%) | |
Previous HCV therapy | 43 (56.6) |
Baseline HCV Therapy | |
- IFN-based therapy | 50 (65.8) |
- IFN-free DAAs therapy | 26 (34.2) |
HCV markers | |
HCV genotype, n (%) | |
- 1 | 57 (75.0) |
- 3 | 10 (13.2) |
- 4 | 7 (9.2) |
- Others/Unknown | 2 (2.6) |
Log10 HCV-RNA (IU/mL), median [IQR] | 6.1 [5.8–6.6] |
HCV-RNA ≥ 850,000 IU/mL, n (%) | 47 (62.7) |
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Sepúlveda-Crespo, D.; Volpi, C.; Amigot-Sánchez, R.; Yélamos, M.B.; Díez, C.; Gómez, J.; Hontañón, V.; Berenguer, J.; González-García, J.; Martín-Escolano, R.; et al. Sustained Long-Term Decline in Anti-HCV Neutralizing Antibodies in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients Five Years after HCV Therapy: A Retrospective Study. Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17, 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091152
Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Volpi C, Amigot-Sánchez R, Yélamos MB, Díez C, Gómez J, Hontañón V, Berenguer J, González-García J, Martín-Escolano R, et al. Sustained Long-Term Decline in Anti-HCV Neutralizing Antibodies in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients Five Years after HCV Therapy: A Retrospective Study. Pharmaceuticals. 2024; 17(9):1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091152
Chicago/Turabian StyleSepúlveda-Crespo, Daniel, Camilla Volpi, Rafael Amigot-Sánchez, María Belén Yélamos, Cristina Díez, Julián Gómez, Víctor Hontañón, Juan Berenguer, Juan González-García, Rubén Martín-Escolano, and et al. 2024. "Sustained Long-Term Decline in Anti-HCV Neutralizing Antibodies in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients Five Years after HCV Therapy: A Retrospective Study" Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 9: 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091152