Neuroregeneration Improved by Sodium-D,L-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Primary Neuronal Cultures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Increased Density of Cell Nuclei and Enhanced Cell Migration with BHB Treatment
2.2. Increased Synapsin and Tubulin Staining in BHB-Treated Cultures
3. Discussion
3.1. Ketones as Alternative Fuel
3.2. Enhanced Cerebral Blood Flow
3.3. Increased BDNF Production
3.4. Improved Mitochondrial Function
3.5. Suppressed Inflammation
3.6. Reduced ROS and Decreased Neurotransmitter Hyperexcitability
3.7. Epigenetic Regulator
3.8. Lower Blood Glucose
3.9. Increased Adenosine
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Immunocytochemistry
4.2. Imaging
4.3. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ari, C.; D’Agostino, D.P.; Cha, B.J. Neuroregeneration Improved by Sodium-D,L-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Primary Neuronal Cultures. Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17, 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091160
Ari C, D’Agostino DP, Cha BJ. Neuroregeneration Improved by Sodium-D,L-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Primary Neuronal Cultures. Pharmaceuticals. 2024; 17(9):1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091160
Chicago/Turabian StyleAri, Csilla, Dominic P. D’Agostino, and Byeong J. Cha. 2024. "Neuroregeneration Improved by Sodium-D,L-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Primary Neuronal Cultures" Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 9: 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091160