Lycopus lucidus Turcz Water Extract Ameliorates the Metabolic Disorder by Up-Regulated Major Urinary Protein Expression in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Substance
2.2. Experimental Animals and Diets
2.3. Energy Expenditure
2.4. Histology and Immunohistochemistry
2.5. Plasma Biomarkers
2.6. Fasting Blood Glucose, Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, and Homeostatic Index of Insulin Resistance
2.7. Hepatic Lipid Content
2.8. Hepatic Lipid-Regulating and Glucose-Regulating Enzyme Activities
2.9. Real-Time qPCR
2.10. Hepatic mRNA Sequencing
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. LT Supplementation Reduced Body Weight and Body Fat Mass
3.2. LT Supplementation Increased EE and Regulated mRNA Expression of WAT and Muscle
3.3. LT Supplementation Improved Hepatic Steatosis
3.4. LT Supplement Improved the Impaired Glucose Metabolism-Related Obesity
3.5. LT Supplementation Ameliorated Inflammation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Amount | |
---|---|
Total polyphenolic content | 480.86 ± 1.70 mg (GAE)/g |
Total flavonoid content | 76.61 ± 0.16 mg (QE)/g |
Luteolin | 2.426 mg/100 g |
ND | HFD | LT | |
---|---|---|---|
FFA (mmol/L) | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 0.40 ± 0.02 | 0.36 ± 0.02 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.15 ± 0.10 | 1.61 ± 0.11 ** | 1.50 ± 0.11 |
PL (mg/dL) | 228.39 ± 10.82 | 352.49 ± 11.46 *** | 253.27 ± 10.11 ### |
Total-C (mmol/L) | 3.59 ± 0.09 | 7.85 ± 0.26 *** | 4.85 ± 0.10 ### |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.59 ± 0.05 | 1.39 ± 0.07 *** | 0.99 ± 0.09 ## |
nonHDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.13 ± 0.20 | 6.49 ± 0.26 *** | 4.01 ± 0.23 ### |
Apo B (mg/dL) | 6.39 ± 0.37 | 8.51 ± 0.51 ** | 6.42 ± 0.31 ## |
Apo A-1(mg/dL) | 63.72 ± 1.85 | 68.64 ± 0.99 * | 62.10 ± 1.46 ## |
Apo B/Apo A-1 | 0.102 ± 0.007 | 0.127 ± 0.006 * | 0.107 ± 0.004 # |
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Han, Y.; Choi, J.-Y.; Kwon, E.-Y. Lycopus lucidus Turcz Water Extract Ameliorates the Metabolic Disorder by Up-Regulated Major Urinary Protein Expression in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2022, 44, 2417-2430. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44050165
Han Y, Choi J-Y, Kwon E-Y. Lycopus lucidus Turcz Water Extract Ameliorates the Metabolic Disorder by Up-Regulated Major Urinary Protein Expression in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2022; 44(5):2417-2430. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44050165
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Youngji, Ji-Young Choi, and Eun-Young Kwon. 2022. "Lycopus lucidus Turcz Water Extract Ameliorates the Metabolic Disorder by Up-Regulated Major Urinary Protein Expression in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 44, no. 5: 2417-2430. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44050165