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Volume 45
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Review

Nerve Growth Factor and Autoimmune Diseases

by
Sergio Terracina
1,†,
Giampiero Ferraguti
1,†,
Luigi Tarani
2,
Francesca Fanfarillo
1,
Paola Tirassa
3,
Massimo Ralli
4,
Giannicola Iannella
4,
Antonella Polimeni
5,
Marco Lucarelli
1,6,
Antonio Greco
4 and
Marco Fiore
3,*
1
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
3
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
4
Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
5
Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
6
Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(11), 8950-8973; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45110562
Submission received: 18 October 2023 / Revised: 6 November 2023 / Accepted: 8 November 2023 / Published: 10 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Neuroinflammation)
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Abstract

NGF plays a crucial immunomodulatory role and increased levels are found in numerous tissues during autoimmune states. NGF directly modulates innate and adaptive immune responses of B and T cells and causes the release of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters controlling the immune system activation in inflamed tissues. Evidence suggests that NGF is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous immune diseases including autoimmune thyroiditis, chronic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mastocytosis, and chronic granulomatous disease. Furthermore, as NGF levels have been linked to disease severity, it could be considered an optimal early biomarker to identify therapeutic approach efficacy. In conclusion, by gaining insights into how these molecules function and which cells they interact with, future studies can devise targeted therapies to address various neurological, immunological, and other disorders more effectively. This knowledge may pave the way for innovative treatments based on NGF manipulation aimed at improving the quality of life for individuals affected by diseases involving neurotrophins.
Keywords: arthritis; autoimmunity; mastocytosis; multiple sclerosis; neurotrophins; autoimmune thyroiditis; NGF; systemic lupus erythematosus arthritis; autoimmunity; mastocytosis; multiple sclerosis; neurotrophins; autoimmune thyroiditis; NGF; systemic lupus erythematosus

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MDPI and ACS Style

Terracina, S.; Ferraguti, G.; Tarani, L.; Fanfarillo, F.; Tirassa, P.; Ralli, M.; Iannella, G.; Polimeni, A.; Lucarelli, M.; Greco, A.; et al. Nerve Growth Factor and Autoimmune Diseases. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45, 8950-8973. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45110562

AMA Style

Terracina S, Ferraguti G, Tarani L, Fanfarillo F, Tirassa P, Ralli M, Iannella G, Polimeni A, Lucarelli M, Greco A, et al. Nerve Growth Factor and Autoimmune Diseases. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2023; 45(11):8950-8973. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45110562

Chicago/Turabian Style

Terracina, Sergio, Giampiero Ferraguti, Luigi Tarani, Francesca Fanfarillo, Paola Tirassa, Massimo Ralli, Giannicola Iannella, Antonella Polimeni, Marco Lucarelli, Antonio Greco, and et al. 2023. "Nerve Growth Factor and Autoimmune Diseases" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 11: 8950-8973. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45110562

APA Style

Terracina, S., Ferraguti, G., Tarani, L., Fanfarillo, F., Tirassa, P., Ralli, M., Iannella, G., Polimeni, A., Lucarelli, M., Greco, A., & Fiore, M. (2023). Nerve Growth Factor and Autoimmune Diseases. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 45(11), 8950-8973. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45110562

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