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Review

Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential

by
Clare Njoki Kimani
1,2,†,
Helmuth Reuter
2,
Sanet Henriët Kotzé
3,4 and
Christo John Fredrick Muller
1,5,6,*
1
Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa
2
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
3
Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
4
Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
5
Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
6
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current Address: Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Karen, Nairobi 00502, Kenya.
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(8), 6216-6245; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45080392
Submission received: 28 June 2023 / Revised: 20 July 2023 / Accepted: 22 July 2023 / Published: 26 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Topic The Effect of Phytochemicals and Food Bioactive Compounds on the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes including Ethnopharmacological Aspects)
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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased cell death and loss of beta-cell mass despite chronic treatment. Consequently, there has been growing interest in developing beta cell-centered therapies. Beta-cell regeneration is mediated by augmented beta-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation of other islet cell types to functional beta-like cells or the reprograming of beta-cell progenitors into fully differentiated beta cells. This mediation is orchestrated by beta-cell differentiation transcription factors and the regulation of the cell cycle machinery. This review investigates the beta-cell regenerative potential of antidiabetic plant extracts and phytochemicals. Various preclinical studies, including in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, are highlighted. Further, the potential regenerative mechanisms and the intra and extracellular mediators that are of significance are discussed. Also, the potential of phytochemicals to translate into regenerative therapies for T2D patients is highlighted, and some suggestions regarding future perspectives are made.
Keywords: beta cell; regeneration; plant compounds; plasticity; molecular targets beta cell; regeneration; plant compounds; plasticity; molecular targets
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kimani, C.N.; Reuter, H.; Kotzé, S.H.; Muller, C.J.F. Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45, 6216-6245. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45080392

AMA Style

Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Muller CJF. Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2023; 45(8):6216-6245. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45080392

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kimani, Clare Njoki, Helmuth Reuter, Sanet Henriët Kotzé, and Christo John Fredrick Muller. 2023. "Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 8: 6216-6245. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45080392

APA Style

Kimani, C. N., Reuter, H., Kotzé, S. H., & Muller, C. J. F. (2023). Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 45(8), 6216-6245. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45080392

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