A Fermented Wheat Germ Extract Contains Protein Components Active against NSCLC Xenografts In Vivo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. FWGP Has In Vitro Cytotoxicity against Lung Cancer at Low IC50 Values
2.2. FWGP Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in A549 Cells
2.3. FWGP Has Tumoricidal Activity with Minimal Toxicity as a Single Agent in Lung Cancer Xenografts
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Production of FWGP and FWGE (Avemar)
4.2. Cell lines and Primary Specimens
4.3. Cytotoxicity of FWGP against Lung Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro
4.4. Cell Cycle Arrest Assay with FWGP
4.5. Animals and In Vivo Studies
4.6. Statistical Analyses
4.7. Ethics
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell Line | Tumor Type | IC50 (μg/mL) (SD) |
---|---|---|
A549 | Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | 71.74 (±13) |
H1650 | Bronchoalveolar carcinoma | 22.52 (±5) |
Calu-1 | NSCLC | 20.99 (±8) |
H1975 | NSCLC | 12.88 (±3) |
HCC827 | Lung adenocarcinoma | 17.32 (±6) |
H460 | Large cell lung cancer | 62.82 (±29) |
Time Point/Treatment | %G1 | %S | %G2 |
---|---|---|---|
Untreated | 33.1 | 46.6 | 11.3 |
FWGP (20 μg/mL), 24 h | 33.6 | 48.1 | 10.3 |
FWGP (20 μg/mL), 48 h | 57.4 | 29.6 | 12.1 |
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Levis, D.J.; Meckler, J.F.; O’Donnell, R.T.; Tuscano, J.M. A Fermented Wheat Germ Extract Contains Protein Components Active against NSCLC Xenografts In Vivo. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45, 7087-7096. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45090448
Levis DJ, Meckler JF, O’Donnell RT, Tuscano JM. A Fermented Wheat Germ Extract Contains Protein Components Active against NSCLC Xenografts In Vivo. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2023; 45(9):7087-7096. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45090448
Chicago/Turabian StyleLevis, Daniel J., Joshua F. Meckler, Robert T. O’Donnell, and Joseph M. Tuscano. 2023. "A Fermented Wheat Germ Extract Contains Protein Components Active against NSCLC Xenografts In Vivo" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 9: 7087-7096. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45090448