Assessing the COX-2/PGE2 Ratio and Anti-Nucleosome Autoantibodies as Biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Using Combined ROC Curves to Improve Diagnostic Values
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Blood Sampling
2.2. Biochemical Assays
2.2.1. Anti-Nucleosome-Specific Antibodies
2.2.2. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
2.2.3. Prostaglandin E2
2.2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Autistic (N = 40) | Controls (N = 42) |
---|---|---|
Age | 2–12 years (7.98 ± 2.59) | 2–14 years (7.83 ± 2.64) |
Sex | All males | All males |
Weight | 29.24 ± 11.45 kg | 28.81 ± 11.04 kg |
Height | 129.19 ± 15.73 cm | 128.96 ± 16.28 cm |
Family history of autoimmune | 16/40 (40%) | 3/42 (7%) |
Parameters | Groups | N * | Min. | Max. | Mean ± S.D. | Median | Percent Change | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COX/PGE2 | Control | 40 | 0.180 | 3.070 | 0.87 ± 0.67 | 0.601 | 100.00 | 0.001 |
Patient | 42 | 0.000 | 1.130 | 0.35 ± 0.28 | 0.231 | 39.99 | ||
Anti-nucleosome | Control | 14 | 0.050 | 5.940 | 1.20 ± 1.80 | 0.220 | 100.00 | 0.001 |
Patient | 32 | 0.050 | 34.130 | 4.43 ± 5.85 | 3.261 | 368.69 |
Parameters | R (Correlation Coefficient) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
COX/PGE2 with anti-nucleosome | −0.178 | 0.247 | N a |
Parameters | AUC | Cut-Off Value | Sensitivity % | Specificity % | p Value | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COX/PGE2 | 0.808 | 0.252 | 57.1% | 97.5% | 0.001 | 0.716–0.900 |
Anti-nucleosome | 0.830 | 0.340 | 96.9% | 64.3% | 0.001 | 0.692–0.969 |
Parameters | AUC | Sensitivity % | Specificity % | p Value | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
COX/PGE2 with anti-nucleosome | 0.898 | 93.3% | 78.6% | 0.001 | 0.785–1.000 |
Parameters | Regression Coefficient | Standard Error | Odds Ratio | 95% CI for Odds Ratio | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||||
COX/PGE2 | −6.099 | 2.306 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.206 | 0.008 |
Anti-nucleosome | 0.600 | 0.268 | 1.821 | 1.078 | 3.077 | 0.025 |
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El-Ansary, A.; Alfawaz, H.A.; Ben Bacha, A.; AL-Ayadhi, L. Assessing the COX-2/PGE2 Ratio and Anti-Nucleosome Autoantibodies as Biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Using Combined ROC Curves to Improve Diagnostic Values. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46, 8699-8709. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46080513
El-Ansary A, Alfawaz HA, Ben Bacha A, AL-Ayadhi L. Assessing the COX-2/PGE2 Ratio and Anti-Nucleosome Autoantibodies as Biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Using Combined ROC Curves to Improve Diagnostic Values. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2024; 46(8):8699-8709. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46080513
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Ansary, Afaf, Hanan A. Alfawaz, Abir Ben Bacha, and Laila AL-Ayadhi. 2024. "Assessing the COX-2/PGE2 Ratio and Anti-Nucleosome Autoantibodies as Biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Using Combined ROC Curves to Improve Diagnostic Values" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, no. 8: 8699-8709. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46080513