The Impact of Modern Bone Markers in Multiple Myeloma: Prospective Analyses Pre and Post-First Line Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection and Patient Inclusion
2.2. Immunoenzymatically Testing (ELISA)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Baseline Sample Characteristics
4. Discussion
Limits of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Status of Osteolytic Lesions after First-Line Treatment | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
MM Patients (n = 35) | Non-Changed (n1 = 28) | Changed (n2 = 7) | p-Value | |
Demographics characteristics | ||||
Age at MM diagnosis (years), mean (SD) | 63.7(10.9) | 66.1 (10.4) | 53.7 (6.9) | 0.0052 * |
Sex, n (%) | 1.0000 | |||
Male | 16 (45.7) | 13 (46.4) | 3 (42.9) | |
Female | 19 (54.3) | 15 (53.6) | 4 (57.1) | |
Clinical Characteristics | ||||
Immune classifications, n (%) | ||||
Ig A type | 11 (31.4) | 10 (35.7) | 1 (14.3) | 0.3916 |
Ig G type | 19 (54.3) | 16 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | 0.6772 |
Ig M type | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0.2000 |
Treatment methods, n (%) | 0.4341 | |||
DVD | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | |
DVMP | 4 (11.4) | 4 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
DVTd | 5 (14.3) | 4 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) | |
DRd | 2 (5.7) | 2 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
VRd | 3 (8.6) | 2 (7.1) | 1 (14.3) | |
VCD | 12 (34.3) | 9 (32.1) | 3 (42.9) | |
VD | 5 (14.3) | 5 (17.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
VEL_DEX | 3 (8.6) | 2 (7.1) | 1 (14.3) | |
FLC type (%) | ||||
Kappa | 19 (54.3) | 14 (50.0) | 5 (71.4) | 0.4150 |
Lambda | 9 (25.7) | 8 (28.6) | 1 (14.3) | 0.6478 |
Pre-Treatment | Post-Treatment | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Changed Status of Lytic Lesions (n1 = 28) | Changed Status of Lytic Lesions (n2 = 7) | p-Value | Non-Changed Status of Lytic Lesions (n1 = 28) | Changed Status of Lytic Lesions (n2 = 7) | p-Value | Non-Changed Status of Lytic Lesions (n1 = 28) | Changed Status of Lytic Lesions (n2 = 7) | |
Median [IQR] or Mean (SD) | Median [IQR] or Mean (SD) | Median [IQR] or Mean (SD) | Median [IQR] or Mean (SD) | p-Value Time Effect | p-Value Time Effect | |||
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 52.7 [49.1, 97.9] | 56.4 [47.6, 136.6] | 1.000 (a) | 54.1 [48.5, 91.9] | 50.5 [48.1, 91.2] | 0.9179 (a) | 0.1049 (c) | 0.2969 (c) |
TNF-α (pg/mL) | 77.6 [76.5, 141.7] | 77.6 [76.4, 98.5] | 0.9015 (a) | 78.5 [76.7, 149.8] | 77.2 [76.8, 93.9] | 0.5919 (a) | 0.6223 (c) | 0.8125 (c) |
IFN (pg/mL) | 12.1 [7.1, 25.3] | 9.4 [6.6, 14.9] | 0.5580 (a) | 13.9 [6.8, 35.9] | 9.7 [7.9, 12.2] | 0.4540 (a) | 0.7793 (c) | 0.1000 (c) |
FreeRANKL (pg/mL) | 190.2 # (124.6) | 288.2 (179.8) | 0.1059(b) | 219.4 ## (152.6) | 274.6 (124.0) | 0.3898 (b) | 0.2466 (d) | 0.8632 (d) |
RANKL (pg/mL) | 148.1 (133.4) | 116.1 ### (104.7) | 0.5031(b) | 154.5 # (141.6) | 169.9 (147.1) | 0.8135 (b) | 0.1383 (d) | 0.1206 (d) |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.2 [2.8, 3.7] | 3.8 [3.6, 4.4] | 0.0549 (a) | 3.5 [3.1, 3.7] | 4.2 [4.0, 4.3] | 0.0029 * (a) | 0.0077 * (c) | 0.4688 (c) |
B2microglobulin (mg/L) | 4.9 [4.2, 6.2] | 4.6 [4.1, 5.7] | 0.5051 (a) | 4.4 [3.9, 4.7] | 4.5 [3.8, 4.6] | 0.4729 (a) | 0.0011 * (c) | 0.0469 * (c) |
Beta crosslaps (ng/mL) | 0.6 [0.4, 1.1] | 0.5 [0.2, 1.1] | 0.5494 (a) | 0.4 [0.2, 0.9] | 0.4 [0.2, 1.4] | 0.3221 (a) | 0.3426 (c) | 0.4688 (c) |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.0 [8.5, 9.6] | 9.3 [9.0, 10.6] | 0.1735 (a) | 8.7 [8.3, 9.0] | 9.2 [8.9, 9.5] | 0.0304 * (a) | 0.0190 * (c) | 0.1563 (c) |
Bone alkaline phosphatase (μg/L) | 14.1 [10.4, 18.1] | 18.9 [11.9, 28.4] | 0.3024 (a) | 11.6 [9.9, 12.8] | 12.6 [11.7, 13.0] | 0.1726 (a) | 0.2438 (c) | 0.4688 (c) |
Hgb (g/dL) | 10.1 (2.4) | 11.5 (3.1) | 0.1938 (b) | 11.4 (2.3) | 12.4 (0.9) | 0.1146 (b) | 0.0045 * (d) | 0.4832 (d) |
LDH (U/L) | 310.5 [255.0, 395.8] | 339.0 [285.5, 387.0] | 0.7570 (a) | 276.0 [206.8, 401.5] | 319.0 [260.0, 358.0] | 0.9343 (a) | 0.7241 (c) | 1.000 (c) |
VSH | 43.0 [27.0, 56.5] | 33.0 [25.5, 54.5] | 0.4453 (a) | 29.5 [20.5, 36.8] | 21.0 [21.0, 26.5] | 0.0987 (a) | 0.0201 * (c) | 0.1056 (c) |
Post-Treatment | Non-Changed Status of Lytic Lesions Group (n1 = 28) | Changed Status of Lytic Lesions Group (n2 = 7) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Changes * in Variables | Rho (ρ) | p-Value | Rho (ρ) | p-Value |
IL-6 | ||||
Albumin | −0.20 | 0.4230 | 0.21 | 0.6445 |
Beta2microglobulin | −0.02 | 0.9405 | −0.29 | 0.5345 |
LDH | −0.37 | 0.0497 * | 0.14 | 0.7599 |
VSH | −0.24 | 0.2185 | 0.11 | 0.2682 |
Calcium | 0.30 | 0.1188 | 0.32 | 0.4821 |
Hemoglobin | −0.16 | 0.3094 | −0.75 | 0.0522 |
TNF-alpha | ||||
Albumin | 0.11 | 0.5859 | −0.11 | 0.8192 |
Beta2microglobulin | −0.22 | 0.2557 | −0.66 | 0.0938 |
LDH | −0.33 | 0.0830 | −0.43 | 0.3374 |
VSH | 0.16 | 0.4164 | 0.22 | 0.6414 |
Calcium | 0.19 | 0.3274 | 0.25 | 0.5887 |
Hemoglobin | 0.18 | 0.3533 | −0.54 | 0.2152 |
IFN-beta | ||||
Albumin | −0.19 | 0.3459 | 0.39 | 0.3833 |
Beta2microglobulin | −0.07 | 0.7336 | −0.11 | 0.8192 |
LDH | −0.41 | 0.0315 * | −0.50 | 0.2532 |
VSH | 0.02 | 0.9207 | 0.11 | 0.8175 |
Calcium | 0.05 | 0.8184 | 0.39 | 0.3833 |
Hemoglobin | −0.08 | 0.6698 | −0.18 | 0.7017 |
Free RANKL | ||||
Albumin | 0.23 (a) | 0.2949 | 0.50 | 0.2532 |
Beta2microglobulin | 0.19 (a) | 0.3878 | 0.36 | 0.4316 |
LDH | 0.15 (a) | 0.5128 | 0.61 | 0.1482 |
VSH | −0.21 (a) | 0.3386 | 0.0 | 1.0000 |
Calcium | −0.38 (a) | 0.0772 | 0.71 | 0.0713 |
Hemoglobin | −0.29 (a) | 0.1892 | 0.39 | 0.3833 |
RANKL | ||||
Albumin | −0.26 (b) | 0.2143 | 0.37 (d) | 0.4685 |
Beta2microglobulin | −0.01 (b) | 0.9796 | 0.49 (d) | 0.3287 |
LDH | −0.67 (b) | 0.0003 * | −0.03 (d) | 0.9572 |
VSH | −0.15 (b) | 0.4672 | −0.81 (d) | 0.0499 * |
Calcium | 0.06 (b) | 0.7757 | −0.26 (d) | 0.6228 |
Hemoglobin | −0.20 (b) | 0.3284 | −0.03 (d) | 0.9572 |
Bone alkaline phosphatase | ||||
Albumin | −0.17 (c) | 0.3877 | 0.25 | 0.5887 |
Beta2microglobulin | −0.09 (c) | 0.6572 | 0.43 | 0.3374 |
LDH | −0.30 (c) | 0.1254 | −0.39 | 0.3833 |
VSH | 0.07 (c) | 0.7311 | −0.49 | 0.2682 |
Calcium | 0.27 (c) | 0.1774 | 0.00 | 1.0000 |
Hemoglobin | 0.29 (c) | 0.1444 | 0.29 | 0.5345 |
Beta crosslaps | ||||
Albumin | −0.20 | 0.3018 | 0.86 | 0.0137 * |
Beta2microglobulin | 0.02 | 0.9229 | 0.43 | 0.3374 |
LDH | −0.17 | 0.3879 | 0.21 | 0.6445 |
VSH | 0.07 | 0.7313 | 0.50 | 0.2482 |
Calcium | −0.07 | 0.7210 | 0.96 | 0.0005 * |
Hemoglobin | 0.21 | 0.2759 | 0.21 | 0.6445 |
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Pop, V.S.; Iancu, M.; Țigu, A.B.; Adam, A.; Tomoaia, G.; Farcas, A.D.; Bojan, A.S.; Parvu, A. The Impact of Modern Bone Markers in Multiple Myeloma: Prospective Analyses Pre and Post-First Line Treatment. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46, 9330-9341. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090552
Pop VS, Iancu M, Țigu AB, Adam A, Tomoaia G, Farcas AD, Bojan AS, Parvu A. The Impact of Modern Bone Markers in Multiple Myeloma: Prospective Analyses Pre and Post-First Line Treatment. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2024; 46(9):9330-9341. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090552
Chicago/Turabian StylePop, Vlad Stefan, Mihaela Iancu, Adrian Bogdan Țigu, Anda Adam, Gheorghe Tomoaia, Anca Daniela Farcas, Anca Simona Bojan, and Andrada Parvu. 2024. "The Impact of Modern Bone Markers in Multiple Myeloma: Prospective Analyses Pre and Post-First Line Treatment" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, no. 9: 9330-9341. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090552