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Marine Drugs
Volume 20
Issue 6
10.3390/md20060359
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Article

Sticking Together an Updated Model for Temporary Adhesion

by
Philip Bertemes
1,2,
Alexandra L. Grosbusch
1,2,
Anik Geschwindt
1,2,
Bob Kauffmann
1,2,
Willi Salvenmoser
1,2,
Birte Mertens
1,2,
Robert Pjeta
1,2,
Bernhard Egger
1 and
Peter Ladurner
1,2,*
1
Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
2
Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(6), 359; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20060359
Submission received: 29 April 2022 / Revised: 20 May 2022 / Accepted: 23 May 2022 / Published: 27 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biomimetics as a Tool for Innovation)
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Abstract

Non-parasitic flatworms are known to temporarily attach to the substrate by secreting a multicomponent bioadhesive to counteract water movements. However, to date, only species of two higher-level flatworm taxa (Macrostomorpha and Proseriata) have been investigated for their adhesive proteins. Remarkably, the surface-binding protein is not conserved between flatworm taxa. In this study, we sequenced and assembled a draft genome, as well as a transcriptome, and generated a tail-specific positional RNA sequencing dataset of the polyclad Theama mediterranea. This led to the identification of 15 candidate genes potentially involved in temporary adhesion. Using in situ hybridisation and RNA interference, we determined their expression and function. Of these 15 genes, 4 are homologues of adhesion-related genes found in other flatworms. With this work, we provide two novel key components on the flatworm temporary adhesion system. First, we identified a Kringle-domain-containing protein (Tmed-krg1), which was expressed exclusively in the anchor cell. This in silico predicted membrane-bound Tmed-krg1 could potentially bind to the cohesive protein, and a knockdown led to a non-adhesive phenotype. Secondly, a secreted tyrosinase (Tmed-tyr1) was identified, which might crosslink the adhesive proteins. Overall, our findings will contribute to the future development of reversible synthetic glues with desirable properties for medical and industrial applications.
Keywords: Polycladida; non-permanent adhesion; glue; aquatic; duo-gland adhesive system; RNA interference; in situ hybridisation Polycladida; non-permanent adhesion; glue; aquatic; duo-gland adhesive system; RNA interference; in situ hybridisation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bertemes, P.; Grosbusch, A.L.; Geschwindt, A.; Kauffmann, B.; Salvenmoser, W.; Mertens, B.; Pjeta, R.; Egger, B.; Ladurner, P. Sticking Together an Updated Model for Temporary Adhesion. Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, 359. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20060359

AMA Style

Bertemes P, Grosbusch AL, Geschwindt A, Kauffmann B, Salvenmoser W, Mertens B, Pjeta R, Egger B, Ladurner P. Sticking Together an Updated Model for Temporary Adhesion. Marine Drugs. 2022; 20(6):359. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20060359

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bertemes, Philip, Alexandra L. Grosbusch, Anik Geschwindt, Bob Kauffmann, Willi Salvenmoser, Birte Mertens, Robert Pjeta, Bernhard Egger, and Peter Ladurner. 2022. "Sticking Together an Updated Model for Temporary Adhesion" Marine Drugs 20, no. 6: 359. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20060359

APA Style

Bertemes, P., Grosbusch, A. L., Geschwindt, A., Kauffmann, B., Salvenmoser, W., Mertens, B., Pjeta, R., Egger, B., & Ladurner, P. (2022). Sticking Together an Updated Model for Temporary Adhesion. Marine Drugs, 20(6), 359. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20060359

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