Higher Mosquito Production in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding Ecological Drivers and Mosquito-Borne Disease Risk in Temperate Cities

LaDeau, Shannon L.; Leisnham, Paul T.; Biehler, Dawn; Bodner, Danielle

doi:10.3390/ijerph10041505

Open AccessArticle

Higher Mosquito Production in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding Ecological Drivers and Mosquito-Borne Disease Risk in Temperate Cities

by

Shannon L. LaDeau

^1,*,†,

Paul T. Leisnham

^2,†,

Dawn Biehler

³ and

Danielle Bodner

²

¹

Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA

²

Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

³

Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10(4), 1505-1526; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10041505

Submission received: 8 February 2013 / Revised: 20 March 2013 / Accepted: 3 April 2013 / Published: 12 April 2013

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Determinants of Infectious Disease Transmission)

Download

Browse Figures

Versions Notes

Abstract

Mosquito-vectored pathogens are responsible for devastating human diseases and are (re)emerging in many urban environments. Effective mosquito control in urban landscapes relies on improved understanding of the complex interactions between the ecological and social factors that define where mosquito populations can grow. We compared the density of mosquito habitat and pupae production across economically varying neighborhoods in two temperate U.S. cities (Baltimore, MD and Washington, DC). Seven species of mosquito larvae were recorded. The invasive Aedes albopictus was the only species found in all neighborhoods. Culex pipiens, a primary vector of West Nile virus (WNV), was most abundant in Baltimore, which also had more tire habitats. Both Culex and Aedes pupae were more likely to be sampled in neighborhoods categorized as being below median income level in each city and Aedes pupae density was also greater in container habitats found in these lower income neighborhoods. We infer that lower income residents may experience greater exposure to potential disease vectors and Baltimore residents specifically, were at greater risk of exposure to the predominant WNV vector. However, we also found that resident-reported mosquito nuisance was not correlated with our measured risk index, indicating a potentially important mismatch between motivation needed to engage participation in control efforts and the relative importance of control among neighborhoods.

Keywords: mosquito; urban; vector; Aedes albopictus; Culex pipiens; income; IPM

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

LaDeau, S.L.; Leisnham, P.T.; Biehler, D.; Bodner, D. Higher Mosquito Production in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding Ecological Drivers and Mosquito-Borne Disease Risk in Temperate Cities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 1505-1526. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10041505

AMA Style

LaDeau SL, Leisnham PT, Biehler D, Bodner D. Higher Mosquito Production in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding Ecological Drivers and Mosquito-Borne Disease Risk in Temperate Cities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013; 10(4):1505-1526. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10041505

Chicago/Turabian Style

LaDeau, Shannon L., Paul T. Leisnham, Dawn Biehler, and Danielle Bodner. 2013. "Higher Mosquito Production in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding Ecological Drivers and Mosquito-Borne Disease Risk in Temperate Cities" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 4: 1505-1526. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10041505

APA Style

LaDeau, S. L., Leisnham, P. T., Biehler, D., & Bodner, D. (2013). Higher Mosquito Production in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding Ecological Drivers and Mosquito-Borne Disease Risk in Temperate Cities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(4), 1505-1526. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10041505

Article Menu

Higher Mosquito Production in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Baltimore and Washington, DC: Understanding Ecological Drivers and Mosquito-Borne Disease Risk in Temperate Cities

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI