Socioeconomic Context and the Food Landscape in Texas: Results from Hotspot Analysis and Border/Non-Border Comparison of Unhealthy Food Environments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Data
2.1.1. The Modified Retail Food Environment (mRFEI) 2008
2.1.2. U.S. Census 2010
2.1.3. Border/Non-Border
2.1.4. Procedure
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results
Census Tract Variables | Total | Border | Non-Border |
---|---|---|---|
Average mrFEI Score (%) (mean ± S.D.) | 11.3 (7.4) | 12.9 (7.6) | 11.1 (7.4) *** |
Total Population (%) (mean ± S.D.) | 4,821.3 (2,085.9) | 4,847.1 (2,279.8) | 4,818.6 (2,064.9) |
Median Age (%) (mean ± S.D.) | 34.9 (6.5) | 32.9 (5.2) | 35.1 (6.6) *** |
Percent below Poverty (%) (mean ± S.D.) | 19.9 (13.2) | 32.0 (14.0) | 18.6 (12.4) *** |
Percent with a High School Diploma (mean ± S.D.) | 76.8 (15.8) | 63.9 (15.6) | 78.1 (15.2) *** |
Percent Foreign Born (%) (mean ± S.D.) | 16.6 (12.4) | 25.7 (10.5) | 15.6 (12.2) *** |
Percent Hispanic (%) (mean ± S.D.) | 39.4 (28.9) | 85.4 (15.0) | 34.6 (25.6) *** |
Percent Families on Food Stamps (%) (mean ± S.D.) | 13.7 (10.8) | 27.1 (13.3) | 12.2 (9.4) *** |
Heading | With zero values | Without zero values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient [95% C.I.] | p-value | Coefficient [95% C.I.] | p-value | |
Border County (yes = 1) | 3.2 [1.8, 4.6] | 0.000 | 4.97 [3.7, 6.2] | 0.000 |
Total Population | 0.00025 [0.00009, 0.0004] | 0.002 | 0.000015 [−0.0002, 0.0002] | 0.868 |
Median Age | 0.063 [0.004, 0.12] | 0.035 | 0.078 [0.02, 0.13] | 0.011 |
Percent below Poverty | −0.051 [−0.09, −0.01] | 0.007 | −0.076 [−0.11, −0.04] | 0.000 |
Percent with a High School Diploma | −0.088 [−0.13, −0.05] | 0.000 | −0.210 [−0.25, −0.17] | 0.000 |
Percent Foreign Born | −2.23 [−5.2, 0.78] | 0.146 | −12.9 [−15.8, −9.9] | 0.000 |
Percent Hispanic | −1.50 [−3.4, 0.41] | 0.125 | −5.03 [−6.8, −3.2] | 0.000 |
Percent Families on Food Stamps | −1.37 [−5.9, 3.2] | 0.555 | −7.99 [−12.2, −3.8] | 0.000 |
3.2. Discussion
3.2.1. Food Access an Issue on the US-Mexico Border
3.2.2. Quality not Quantity
3.2.3. The Socioeconomics of Food Access
3.2.4. Study Limitations
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Salinas, J.J.; Abdelbary, B.; Klaas, K.; Tapia, B.; Sexton, K. Socioeconomic Context and the Food Landscape in Texas: Results from Hotspot Analysis and Border/Non-Border Comparison of Unhealthy Food Environments. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 5640-5650. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110605640
Salinas JJ, Abdelbary B, Klaas K, Tapia B, Sexton K. Socioeconomic Context and the Food Landscape in Texas: Results from Hotspot Analysis and Border/Non-Border Comparison of Unhealthy Food Environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(6):5640-5650. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110605640
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalinas, Jennifer J., Bassent Abdelbary, Kelly Klaas, Beatriz Tapia, and Ken Sexton. 2014. "Socioeconomic Context and the Food Landscape in Texas: Results from Hotspot Analysis and Border/Non-Border Comparison of Unhealthy Food Environments" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 6: 5640-5650. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110605640