The Historical Distribution of Main Malaria Foci in Spain as Related to Water Bodies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
Objectives | Data | Spatial extension | Methods |
---|---|---|---|
Historical evolution of autochthonous malaria | Database of the Spanish Statistical Institute | Spain | Mann-Kendall-Test |
Spatial distribution of malaria in Spain (death and diseased persons) | Database of the Spanish Statistical Institute | Spain (province) | Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW interpolation) |
Spatial distribution of unhealthy water bodies | Database of the Spanish Statistical Institute | Spain (regional) | Geographic distribution of the percentage and total surface occupied by unhealthy water bodies |
Trends of climate change | Daily maximum and minimum temperatures, average minimum temperatures and spring rainfall | Southwestern Spain | Inter-annual distribution of the minimum and maximum average temperatures, inter-annual variations of the minimum average temperatures, and inter-annual variation of spring rainfall in the southwest of Spain in the 20th century |
2.1. Trends of Autochthonous Malaria in Spain throughout the 20th Century
2.2. Spatial Distribution of Autochthonous Malaria in Spain in the 20th Century
2.3. Unhealthy Liquid Collections and Malaria in Spain in the Early 20th Century
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Autochthonous Malaria trends in Spain throughout the 20th Century
3.2. Spatial Distribution of Autochthonous Malaria in Spain throughout the 20th Century
Regions | Nº of malarial municipalities affected | Size of unhealthy water bodies (ha) | Consumption of quinine (gr) | Estimated economic loss (pesetas) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Castilla la Nueva | 96.5 | 441.0 | 50,062.5 | 647,128.5 |
La Mancha | 93.5 | 58,131.5 | 72,830.0 | 7695,457.5 |
Extremadura | 332.0 | 2146.5 | 718,612.5 | 8451,034.3 |
Castilla la Vieja | 206.5 | 1761.5 | 59,095.0 | 1340,226.4 |
Aragón and Rioja | 10.0 | 321.0 | 3425.0 | 264,190.0 |
Leonesa | 185.0 | 4843.5 | 47,924.0 | 1502,548.6 |
Asturias and Galicia | 15.0 | 6722.0 | 4720.0 | 31716,671.3 |
Navarra and Vascongadas | 21.0 | 59.0 | 1147.0 | 80,329.8 |
Cataluña | 57.0 | 2944.0 | 30,600.0 | 1905,202.8 |
Levante | 201.0 | 33,445.0 | 459,804.0 | 5097,987.5 |
Eastern Andalusia | 70.5 | 3934.0 | 181,076.5 | 3749,531.3 |
Western Andalusia | 176.0 | 208,527.0 | 817,250.0 | 47927,435.0 |
Baleares | 9.0 | 3857.0 | 15,600.0 | 275,350.0 |
Canarias | -- | -- | -- | -- |
TOTAL | 1473 | 327,133 | 2462,146.5 | 110653,093.0 |
3.3. Unhealthy Liquid Collections and Malaria in Spain in the Early 20th Century
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sousa, A.; García-Barrón, L.; Vetter, M.; Morales, J. The Historical Distribution of Main Malaria Foci in Spain as Related to Water Bodies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 7896-7917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110807896
Sousa A, García-Barrón L, Vetter M, Morales J. The Historical Distribution of Main Malaria Foci in Spain as Related to Water Bodies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(8):7896-7917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110807896
Chicago/Turabian StyleSousa, Arturo, Leoncio García-Barrón, Mark Vetter, and Julia Morales. 2014. "The Historical Distribution of Main Malaria Foci in Spain as Related to Water Bodies" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 8: 7896-7917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110807896