Prevalence and Associated Factors of Passive Smoking among Women in Jilin Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
3. Results
Characteristics | n | % |
---|---|---|
Region | ||
Urban | 5232 | 56.2 |
Rural | 4556 | 43.8 |
Ethnic | ||
Han | 9030 | 91.8 |
Minorities | 758 | 8.2 |
Age | ||
18–24 | 447 | 15.0 |
25–34 | 1218 | 18.9 |
35–44 | 2465 | 23.8 |
45–54 | 2720 | 20.4 |
55–64 | 2018 | 13.7 |
65–79 | 920 | 8.1 |
Education | ||
Primary school and below | 3126 | 25.7 |
Junior middle school | 2720 | 29.4 |
Senior middle school | 2398 | 24.9 |
College and above | 1544 | 20.1 |
Marital status | ||
Married | 8470 | 81.0 |
Single | 517 | 12.4 |
Separated/Divorced | 159 | 1.5 |
Widowed | 642 | 5.1 |
Occupation | ||
Manual | 4768 | 46.4 |
Skilled | 1982 | 23.6 |
Retired | 3038 | 29.9 |
Family monthly income | ||
<500 | 2048 | 17.4 |
500–999 | 1921 | 19.1 |
1000–1999 | 3116 | 35.4 |
2000–2999 | 1483 | 18.0 |
3000–4999 | 635 | 7.8 |
≥5000 | 197 | 2.3 |
Characteristics | Urban (n = 5232) % (95% CI) (n) | Rural (n = 4556) % (95% CI) (n) | Total (n = 9788) % (95% CI) (n) |
---|---|---|---|
Passive smoking | 58.3 (56.7–59.9) (2976) | 63.4 (61.6–65.3) (2731) | 60.6 (59.3–61.8) (5707) |
Frequency per week | |||
Everyday | 21.8 (20.5–23.1) (1171) | 31.3 (29.5–33.2) (1386) | 26.0 (24.9–27.1) (2557) |
≥3 d/week | 14.0 (12.9–15.2) (729) | 13.8 (12.6–15.2) (617) | 13.9 (13.1–14.8) (1346) |
1–3 d/week | 22.3 (20.9–23.7) (1076) | 17.7 (16.2–19.4) (728) | 20.3 (19.3–21.4) (1804) |
Sources of Passive smoking | |||
Home | 37.9 (36.3–39.4) (2004) | 49.3 (47.3–51.2) (2198) | 42.9 (41.6–44.1) (4202) |
Workplace | 18.5 (17.3–19.8) (894) | 11.0 (9.8–12.4) (411) | 15.2 (14.3–16.2) (1305) |
Restaurant | 6.5 (5.7–7.3) (304) | 3.3 (2.6–4.3) (113) | 5.1 (4.5–5.7) (417) |
Entertainment places | 8.9 (8.0–10.0) (414) | 8.1 (7.1–9.3) (346) | 8.6 (7.9–9.3) (760) |
Other | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) (113) | 2.1 (1.7–2.7) (92) | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) (205) |
Characteristic | Urban % (95% CI) (n) | Rural % (95% CI) (n) | Total % (95% CI) (n) |
---|---|---|---|
Ethnic | |||
Han | 58.2 (56.6–59.9) (2731) | 63.4 (61.5–65.4) (2542) | 60.5 (59.2–61.8) (5273) |
Minorities | 59.4 (53.8–64.8) (245) | 63.4 (56.3–70.0) (189) | 61.0 (56.7–65.2) (434) |
Age | |||
18–24 | 62.0 (55.3–68.2) (184) | 72.4 (64.0–79.5) (117) | 66.8 (61.6–71.6) (301) |
25–34 | 65.1 (61.3–68.7) (477) | 66.8 (62.2–71.1) (325) | 65.9 (62.9–68.7) (802) |
35–44 | 63.0 (60.3–65.7) (873) | 69.0 (66.0–71.8) (745) | 65.6 (63.6–67.6) (1618) |
45–54 | 60.3 (57.6–63.0) (820) | 61.0 (58.2–63.7) (817) | 60.6 (58.7–62.5) (1637) |
55–64 | 47.9 (44.3–51.5) (446) | 53.6 (50.4–56.7) (566) | 50.4 (47.9–52.8) (1012) |
65–79 | 37.2 (31.6–43.1) (176) | 41.7 (36.4–47.1) (161) | 38.9 (34.9–43.0) (337) |
Education | |||
Primary school and below | 43.5 (39.4–47.6) (344) | 60.4 (58.0–62.8) (1338) | 55.8 (53.7–57.9) (1682) |
Junior middle school | 58.8 (55.8–61.8) (780) | 66.6 (63.2–69.9) (826) | 62.8 (60.5–65.1) (1606) |
Senior middle school | 60.0 (57.3–62.6) (1091) | 62.3 (57.0–67.4) (345) | 60.5 (58.1–62.8) (1436) |
College and above | 62.5 (59.1–65.7) (761) | 66.7 (59.0–73.5) (222) | 63.4 (60.3–66.4) (983) |
Marital status | |||
Married | 59.3 (57.6–60.9) (2528) | 64.8 (63.0–66.7) (2556) | 61.9 (60.6–63.1) (5084) |
Single | 63.3 (57.4–68.8) (269) | 63.8 (51.8–74.2) (66) | 63.4 (58.1–68.4) (335) |
Separated/Divorced | 46.9 (38.0–55.9) (58) | 77.2 (59.2–88.8) (20) | 52.6 (44.3–60.8) (78) |
Widowed | 36.5 (29.8–43.6) (121) | 32.5 (26.7–38.8) (89) | 35.0 (30.2–40.1) (210) |
Occupation | |||
Manual | 64.3 (61.7–66.8) (1100) | 64.6 (62.4–66.8) (1839) | 64.5 (62.8–66.1) (2939) |
Skilled | 64.0 (61.1–66.8) (910) | 64.3 (58.5–69.7) (353) | 64.1 (61.5–66.6) (1263) |
Retired | 48.2 (45.5–51.0) (966) | 59.4 (54.9–63.7) (539) | 51.7 (49.3–54.1) (1505) |
Family monthly income | |||
<500 | 57.1 (52.1–62.0) (251) | 60.6 (57.7–63.5) (903) | 59.7 (57.2–62.2) (1154) |
500–999 | 53.1 (49.1–57.1) (431) | 64.4 (60.6–67.9) (698) | 59.7 (56.9–62.4) (1129) |
1000–1999 | 58.9 (56.4–61.3) (1204) | 66.9 (62.9–70.6) (618) | 61.5 (59.4–63.6) (1822) |
2000–2999 | 58.9 (55.2–62.6) (614) | 65.5 (59.3–71.1) (278) | 60.8 (57.7–63.9) (892) |
3000–4999 | 64.7 (59.7–69.5) (299) | 69.8 (59.9–78.1) (98) | 65.9 (61.5–70.2) (397) |
≥5000 | 50.2 (41.2–59.2) (77) | 65.7 (46.6–80.8) (30) | 53.4 (45.3–61.4) (107) |
Characteristic | p | OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
Ethnic | |||
Minorities | 1 | ||
Han | 0.66 | 0.96 | 0.78–1.17 |
Region | |||
Rural | 1 | ||
Urban | <0.01 | 0.82 | 0.73–0.94 |
Age | |||
18–24 | 1 | ||
25–34 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 0.54–1.03 |
35–44 | 0.12 | 0.77 | 0.55–1.07 |
45–54 | <0.01 | 0.66 | 0.47–0.91 |
55–64 | <0.01 | 0.48 | 0.34–0.67 |
65–79 | <0.01 | 0.35 | 0.24–0.51 |
Marital status | |||
Married | 1 | ||
Single | 0.379 | 0.87 | 0.63–1.19 |
Separated/Divorced | <0.03 | 0.70 | 0.50–0.93 |
Widowed | <0.01 | 0.56 | 0.44–0.72 |
Occupation | |||
Manual | 1 | ||
Skilled | 0.85 | 0.98 | 0.83–1.17 |
Retired | <0.01 | 0.81 | 0.71–0.93 |
Education | |||
Primary school and below | 1 | ||
Junior middle school | 0.13 | 1.12 | 0.97–1.31 |
Senior middle school | 0.53 | 1.06 | 0.89–1.25 |
College and above | 0.20 | 1.16 | 0.92–1.46 |
Family monthly income | |||
<500 | 1 | ||
500–999 | 0.26 | 0.91 | 0.78–1.07 |
1000–1999 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.86–1.17 |
2000–2999 | 0.16 | 0.87 | 0.72–1.06 |
3000–4999 | 0.68 | 1.05 | 0.83–1.34 |
≥5000 | <0.01 | 0.62 | 0.43–0.88 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, Z.; Yao, Y.; Yu, Y.; Shi, J.; Liu, Y.; Tao, Y.; Kou, C.; Zhang, H.; Han, W.; Yin, Y.; et al. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Passive Smoking among Women in Jilin Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 13970-13980. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121113970
Li Z, Yao Y, Yu Y, Shi J, Liu Y, Tao Y, Kou C, Zhang H, Han W, Yin Y, et al. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Passive Smoking among Women in Jilin Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(11):13970-13980. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121113970
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Zhijun, Yan Yao, Yaqin Yu, Jieping Shi, Yawen Liu, Yuchun Tao, Changgui Kou, Huiping Zhang, Weiqing Han, Yutian Yin, and et al. 2015. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Passive Smoking among Women in Jilin Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 11: 13970-13980. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121113970