Prevalence of Depression among Rural Residents with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeast China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Data Collection and Measurements
2.3. Definitions
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Result
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total n = 1187 | PHQ-9 Depressive Score | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<10 n = 1083 | ≥10 n = 104 | ||||
Age group (years) | |||||
35–44 | 127 (10.7) | 122 (96.1) | 5 (3.9) | Reference | |
45–54 | 334 (28.1) | 306 (91.6) | 28 (8.4) | 2.233 (0.843, 5.916) | 0.106 |
55–64 | 470 (39.6) | 432 (91.9) | 38 (8.1) | 2.146 (0.827, 5.571) | 0.117 |
≥65 | 256 (21.6) | 223 (87.1) | 33 (12.9) | 3.611 (1.374, 9.488) | 0.009 |
Gender | |||||
Male | 526 (44.3) | 502 (95.4) | 24 (4.6) | Reference | |
Female | 661 (55.7) | 581 (87.9) | 80 (12.1) | 2.880 (1.797, 4.615) | <0.001 |
Educational status | |||||
Primary school or below | 696 (58.6) | 625 (89.8) | 71 (10.2) | Reference | |
Middle school | 392 (33.0) | 362 (92.3) | 30 (7.7) | 0.730 (0.467, 1.140) | 0.166 |
High school or above | 99 (8.3) | 96 (97.0) | 3 (3.0) | 0.275 (0.085, 0.891) | 0.031 |
Ethnicity | |||||
Han | 1123 (94.6) | 1026 (91.4) | 97 (8.6) | Reference | |
Others a | 64 (5.4) | 57 (89.1) | 7 (10.9) | 0.770 (0.342, 1.734) | 0.528 |
Marital status | |||||
Married | 1068 (90.0) | 979 (91.7) | 89 (8.3) | Reference | |
Others | 119 (10.0) | 104 (87.4) | 15 (12.6) | 1.587 (0.885, 2.843) | 0.121 |
Physical activity | |||||
Light | 472 (39.8) | 417 (88.3) | 55 (11.7) | Reference | |
Moderate | 642 (54.1) | 598 (93.1) | 44 (6.9) | 0.558 (0.368,0.845) | 0.006 |
Severe | 73 (6.1) | 68 (93.2) | 5 (6.8) | 0.557 (0.215, 1.443) | 0.228 |
Annual income (CNY/year) | |||||
≤5000 | 167 (14.1) | 139 (83.2) | 28 (16.8) | Reference | |
5000–20,000 | 642 (54.1) | 587 (91.4) | 55 (8.6) | 0.465 (0.285, 0.760) | 0.002 |
>20,000 | 378 (31.8) | 357 (94.4) | 21 (5.6) | 0.292 (0.160, 0.531) | <0.001 |
Sleep duration (h/d) | |||||
≤7 | 613 (51.6) | 546 (89.1) | 67 (10.9) | Reference | |
7–8 | 303 (25.5) | 289 (95.4) | 14 (4.6) | 0.395 (0.218, 0.715) | 0.002 |
8–9 | 168 (14.2) | 155 (92.3) | 13 (7.7) | 0.683 (0.368, 1.271) | 0.229 |
>9 | 103 (8.7) | 93 (90.3) | 10 (9.7) | 0.876 (0.435, 1.764) | 0.711 |
Current smoking status | |||||
No | 821 (69.2) | 741 (90.3) | 80 (9.7) | Reference | |
Yes | 366 (30.8) | 342 (93.4) | 24 (6.6) | 0.650 (0.405, 1.044) | 0.075 |
Current drinking status | |||||
No | 930 (78.3) | 833 (89.6) | 97 (10.4) | Reference | |
Yes | 257 (21.7) | 250 (97.3) | 7 (2.7) | 0.240 (0.110, 0.525) | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
<25 | 451 (38.0) | 403 (89.4) | 48 (10.6) | Reference | |
25–29 | 571 (48.1) | 527 (92.3) | 44 (7.7) | 0.701 (0.456, 1.077) | 0.214 |
>30 | 165 (13.9) | 153 (92.7) | 12 (7.3) | 0.658 (0.341, 1.273) | 0.854 |
Number of additional illnesses | |||||
≤1 | 883 (77.6) | 837 (94.8) | 46 (5.2) | Reference | |
≥2 | 255 (22.4) | 210 (82.4) | 45 (17.6) | 3.899 (2.516, 6.041) | <0.001 |
Variables | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 1 (reference) | ||
Female | 1.984 | 1.077, 3.656 | 0.028 |
Annual income (CNY/year) | |||
≤5000 | 1 (reference) | ||
5000–20,000 | 0.483 | 0.276, 0.847 | 0.011 |
>20,000 | 0.356 | 0.181, 0.700 | 0.003 |
Sleep duration (h/d) | |||
≤7 | 1 (reference) | ||
7–8 | 0.453 | 0.233, 0.881 | 0.020 |
8–9 | 0.883 | 0.451, 1.727 | 0.715 |
>9 | 1.315 | 0.592, 2.921 | 0.502 |
Number of additional illness | |||
≤1 | 1 (reference) | ||
≥2 | 3.080 | 1.886, 5.028 | <0.001 |
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Yu, S.; Yang, H.; Guo, X.; Zheng, L.; Sun, Y. Prevalence of Depression among Rural Residents with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeast China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060542
Yu S, Yang H, Guo X, Zheng L, Sun Y. Prevalence of Depression among Rural Residents with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeast China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(6):542. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060542
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Shasha, Hongmei Yang, Xiaofan Guo, Liqiang Zheng, and Yingxian Sun. 2016. "Prevalence of Depression among Rural Residents with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeast China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 6: 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060542