A Well-Mixed Computational Model for Estimating Room Air Levels of Selected Constituents from E-Vapor Product Use
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Physical Basis of the Model
2.2. Mathematical Representation
2.3. Input Variables
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Smoking Machine-Generated Aerosol Source
3.2. Exhaled Aerosol Source
3.3. Examples of Sensitivity Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACH | air change per hour |
CFD | computational fluid dynamics |
CO | carbon monoxide |
EBC | exhaled breath condensate |
EBS | exhaled breath system |
EPA | US Environmental Protection Agency |
EVP | e-vapor product |
FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
mEEC | mobile environmental exposure chamber |
PAH | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
VOC | volatile organic constituent |
Nomenclature
mvi | mass of vapor of constituent i in indoor space at time t (kg) |
mli | mass of liquid of constituent i in indoor space at time t (kg) |
mi | mass of constituent i in indoor space at time t (kg) |
Ci | concentration of constituent i in indoor space (kg/m3) |
Vr | volume of indoor space (m3) |
Qa | air ventilation (m3/s) |
t | time (s) |
γi | activity coefficient (dimensionless) |
xi | mole fraction of i in particle, liquid phase |
yi | mass fraction of i in particle, liquid phase |
Psat | saturation pressure at given temperature (kPa) |
R | universal gas constant (kJ/(kmol·K)) |
T | temperature (K) |
Mi | molecular mass of i (kg/kmol) |
M | molecular mass of the mixture in particle (liquid phase) (kg/kmol) |
ρ | density of vapor of i in air (kg/m3) |
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Run Number 1 | Nicotine Level in E-Liquid (%) | Aerosol Release | Ventilation Level (ACH) 2 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1.8 | Low (7 puffs) | 9.86 |
2 | 1.8 | Low (7 puffs) | 6.81 |
3 | 1.8 | High (15 puffs) | 6.83 |
4 | 1.8 | High (15 puffs) | 6.80 |
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Rostami, A.A.; Pithawalla, Y.B.; Liu, J.; Oldham, M.J.; Wagner, K.A.; Frost-Pineda, K.; Sarkar, M.A. A Well-Mixed Computational Model for Estimating Room Air Levels of Selected Constituents from E-Vapor Product Use. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080828
Rostami AA, Pithawalla YB, Liu J, Oldham MJ, Wagner KA, Frost-Pineda K, Sarkar MA. A Well-Mixed Computational Model for Estimating Room Air Levels of Selected Constituents from E-Vapor Product Use. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(8):828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080828
Chicago/Turabian StyleRostami, Ali A., Yezdi B. Pithawalla, Jianmin Liu, Michael J. Oldham, Karl A. Wagner, Kimberly Frost-Pineda, and Mohamadi A. Sarkar. 2016. "A Well-Mixed Computational Model for Estimating Room Air Levels of Selected Constituents from E-Vapor Product Use" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 8: 828. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080828