Association between Global Life Satisfaction and Self-Rated Oral Health Conditions among Adolescents in Lithuania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects and Study Procedures
2.2. Instrument and Variables
2.2.1. Global Life Satisfaction
2.2.2. Family Affluence
2.2.3. Dental Fear
2.2.4. Rating of Oral Health and Well-Being
2.2.5. Child Perception Questionnaire
2.2.6. Self-Reported Rating of Caries Experience and Malocclusion
2.2.7. Completed Orthodontic Treatment and Its Perceived Effect
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethical Statement
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Global Life Satisfaction, Socio-Demographic and Oral Health-Related Variables
3.3. Global Life Satisfaction and CPQ Scores
3.4. Global Life Satisfaction and Effect of Completed Orthodontic Treatment
4. Discussion
Study Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CI | Confidence Interval |
CPQ | Child Perceptions Questionnaire |
EWB | Emotional Well-being |
FAS | Family Affluence Scale |
FL | Functional Limitations |
GLS | Global Life Satisfaction |
HBSC | Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study |
IQR | Interquartile Range |
OHRQoL | Oral Health Related Quality of Life |
OR | Odds Ratio |
OS | Oral Symptoms |
QoL | Quality of Life |
SD | Standard Deviation |
SWB | Social Well-being |
WHO | World Health Organization |
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Characteristic | No. (%) of Respondents | |
---|---|---|
Gender: | ||
boys | 629 | (41.7) |
girls | 881 | (58.3) |
Age group (years): | ||
11–14 | 319 | (21.2) |
15–16 | 686 | (45.4) |
17–18 | 505 | (33.4) |
Family affluence: | ||
high | 749 | (50.8) |
medium | 547 | (37.1) |
low | 178 | (12.1) |
missing | 36 | |
Fear of dental treatment: | ||
little | 910 | (60.3) |
great | 599 | (39.7) |
missing | 1 | |
Overall oral health assessment: | ||
excellent/very good | 844 | (55.9) |
good | 560 | (37.1) |
fair/poor | 106 | (7.0) |
Oral conditions affected well-being: | ||
not at all | 532 | (35.2) |
very little/somewhat | 838 | (55.5) |
a lot/very much | 140 | (9.3) |
Self-reported rating of caries experience: | ||
healthy | 986 | (65.5) |
not healthy (dentist confirmed) | 219 | (14.6) |
not healthy (subjective feeling) | 300 | (19.9) |
missing | 5 | |
Self-reported rating of malocclusion: | ||
healthy | 562 | (37.5) |
not healthy (dentist confirmed) | 585 | (39.1) |
not healthy (subjective feeling) | 350 | (23.5) |
missing | 13 | |
Global life satisfaction: | ||
high | 949 | (62.8) |
low | 561 | (37.2) |
mean (SD) | 7.72 | (1.49) |
median (IQR) | 8 | (2) |
CPQ: mean (SD): | ||
oral symptoms | 22.05 | (16.77) |
functional limitations | 6.76 | (10.84) |
emotional well-being | 11.66 | (17.88) |
social well-being | 2.97 | (7.55) |
total CPQ | 9.10 | (9.24) |
Characteristics | No. (%) of Adolescents | OR (95% CI) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
With Low GLS (N = 561) | Total (N = 1510) | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
Gender: | ||||
boys | 203 (32.3) | 629 | 1 | 1 |
girls | 358 (40.6) | 881 | 1.44 (1.16–1.78) *** | 1.40 (1.11–1.76) ** |
p b | 0.001 | |||
Age group (years): | ||||
13–14 | 102 (32.0) | 319 | 1 | 1 |
15–16 | 249 (36.3) | 686 | 1.21 (0.91–1.61) | 1.24 (0.96–1.74) |
17–18 | 210 (41.6) | 505 | 1.51 (1.13–2.03) ** | 1.55 (1.14–2.12) ** |
p b | 0.017 | |||
Family affluence: | ||||
high | 242 (32.3) | 749 | 1 | 1 |
medium | 210 (38.4) | 547 | 1.31 (1.04–1.64) * | 1.26 (1.00–1.60) |
low | 99 (55.6) | 178 | 1.63 (1.88–3.66) *** | 2.34 (1.65–3.31) *** |
p b | <0.001 | |||
Fear of dental treatment: | ||||
little | 307 (33.7) | 910 | 1 | 1 |
great | 254 (42.4) | 599 | 1.45 (1.17–1.79) *** | 1.29 (1.03–1.62) * |
p b | 0.001 | |||
Overall oral health assessment: | ||||
excellent/very good | 261 (30.9) | 844 | 1 | 1 |
good | 240 (42.9) | 560 | 1.68 (1.34–2.09) *** | 1.51 (1.18–1.93) *** |
fair/poor | 60 (56.6) | 106 | 1.91 (1.93–4.39) *** | 2.78 (1.72–4.50) *** |
p b | <0.001 | |||
Oral conditions affected well–being: | ||||
not at all | 159 (29.9) | 532 | 1 | 1 |
very little/somewhat | 337 (40.2) | 838 | 1.58 (1.25–1.99) *** | 1.28 (1.00–1.65) |
a lot/very much | 65 (46.4) | 140 | 2.03 (1.39–2.97) *** | 1.07 (0.68–1.67) |
p b | <0.001 | |||
Self–reported rating of caries experience: | ||||
healthy | 349 (35.4) | 986 | 1 | 1 |
not healthy (dentist confirmed) | 78 (35.6) | 219 | 1.10 (0.74–1.37) | 0.84 (0.60–1.16) |
not healthy (subjective feeling) | 131 (43.7) | 300 | 1.42 (1.09–1.84) ** | 1.02 (0.77–1.37) |
p b | 0.031 | |||
Self–reported rating of malocclusion: | ||||
healthy | 195 (34.7) | 562 | 1 | 1 |
not healthy (dentist confirmed) | 217 (37.1) | 585 | 1.11 (0.87–1.41) | 0.96 (0.74–1.24) |
not healthy (subjective feeling) | 144 (41.1) | 350 | 1.32 (1.01–1.73) * | 1.13 (0.84–1.51) |
p b | 0.147 |
Domain/Scale | All Adolescents | Gender | Age Group (Years) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | 13–14 | 15–16 | 17–18 | ||
Oral symptoms | −0.23 | −0.27 | −0.19 | −0.27 | −0.23 | −0.20 |
Functional limitations | −0.17 | −0.18 | −0.14 | −0.16 | −0.17 | −0.19 |
Emotional well-being | −0.27 | −0.20 | −0.28 | −0.31 | −0.25 | −0.29 |
Social well-being | −0.19 | −0.15 | −0.21 | −0.19 | −0.18 | −0.22 |
Total CPQ | −0.30 | −0.29 | −0.29 | −0.33 | −0.29 | −0.31 |
Self-Rated Effect of Orthodontic Treatment | No. (%) of Adolescents with Low GLS (N = 175) | Total (N = 445) | OR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted b | |||
Achieved positive effect | 119 (37.3) | 319 | 1 | 1 |
Not achieved positive effect | 56 (44.4) | 126 | 1.35 (0.89–2.04) | 1.32 (0.85–2.04) |
p c | 0.172 |
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Kavaliauskienė, A.; Šidlauskas, A.; Zaborskis, A. Association between Global Life Satisfaction and Self-Rated Oral Health Conditions among Adolescents in Lithuania. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111338
Kavaliauskienė A, Šidlauskas A, Zaborskis A. Association between Global Life Satisfaction and Self-Rated Oral Health Conditions among Adolescents in Lithuania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(11):1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111338
Chicago/Turabian StyleKavaliauskienė, Aistė, Antanas Šidlauskas, and Apolinaras Zaborskis. 2017. "Association between Global Life Satisfaction and Self-Rated Oral Health Conditions among Adolescents in Lithuania" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 11: 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111338