Using Gamma and Quantile Regressions to Explore the Association between Job Strain and Adiposity in the ELSA-Brasil Study: Does Gender Matter?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Job Strain
2.3. BMI and WC
2.4. Co-Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Characteristics
3.2. Unadjusted Association of Variables Examined with BMI and WC
3.3. Adjusted Association of Job Strain with BMI and WC—Results for Women
3.4. Adjusted Association of Job Strain with BMI and WC—Results for Men
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Women (n = 6316) | Men (n = 5780) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Characteristics n (%) or Mean (SD) | Coefficient (95% Confidence Interval, CI) a | Sample Characteristics n (%) or Mean (SD) | Coefficient (95% CI) a | |||
BMI | Waist Circumference | BMI | Waist Circumference | |||
Age | 48.9 (7.1) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.09) | 0.31 (0.27, 0.35) | 49.6 (7.5) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.03) | 0.20 (0.16, 0.24) |
Schooling | ||||||
<Secondary complete | 462 (7.3) | Reference | Reference | 871 (15.1) | Reference | Reference |
Secondary complete | 2345 (37.1) | −1.13 (–1.67, −0.61) | −3.61 (–4.90, −2.33) | 2043 (35.3) | −0.18 (–0.52, 0.16) | −0.36 (–1.28, 0.56) |
Undergraduate complete | 1223 (19.4) | −2.31 (–2.87, −1.76) | −6.28 (–7.65, −4.93) | 714 (12.4) | −0.27 (–0.69, 0.16) | 0.06 (–1.09, 1.22) |
Postgraduate | 2286 (36.2) | −2.97 (–3.50, −2.45) | −6.93 (–8.21, −5.66) | 2152 (37.2) | −0.34 (–0.68, 0.00) | 1.00 (0.08, 1.92) |
Per capita family income | 837.8 (675.5) | −0.60 (–0.71, −0.49) b | −1.23 (–1.51, −0.94) b | 786.50 (639.9) | −0.11(–0.22, 0.01) b | 0.27 (–0.04, 0.59) b |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 893 (14.1) | Reference | Reference | 323 (5.6) | Reference | Reference |
Divorced/separated/widowers | 1945 (30.8) | 0.50 (0.10, 0.90) | 2.12 (1.14, 3.10) | 774 (13.4) | 0.59 (0.04, 1.14) | 2.08 (0.59, 3.55) |
Married/living together | 3477 (55.1) | 0.06 (–0.31, 0.43) | 0.54 (–0.36, 1.44) | 4683 (81.0) | 0.86 (0.39, 1.33) | 3.07 (1.78, 4.34) |
Hours worked weekly | 42.0 (10.1) | 0.00 (–0.02, 0.01) | −0.04 (–0.07, −0.01) | 44.6 (11.3) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.07) |
Quadrants | ||||||
Low strain | 1468 (23.3) | Reference | Reference | 1393 (24.2) | Reference | Reference |
Active | 1213 (19.3) | −0.07 (–0.44, 0.31) | 0.02 (–0.91, 0.95) | 1424 (24.7) | 0.11 (–0.21, 0.42) | 0.20 (–0.67, 1.07) |
Passive | 2280 (36.3) | 0.77 (0.45, 1.10) | 1.90 (1.09, 2.71) | 1714 (29.8) | −0.03 (–0.33, 0.28) | −1.04 (–1.86, −0.21) |
High strain | 1328 (21.1) | 0.78 (0.41, 1.16) | 1.49 (0.58, 2.41) | 1227 (21.3) | 0.44 (0.11, 0.77) | 0.39 (–0.51, 1.30) |
Social support at work | 19.5 (3.3) | 0.02 (–0.02, 0.06) | 0.08 (–0.02, 0.17) | 20.0 (3.3) | −0.02 (–0.05, 0.02) | −0.04 (–0.13, 0.05) |
Adjusted Models | Coefficient (95% CI) | Difference in Deviance | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Quadrants | ||||
Active | Passive | High Strain | ||
Women (n = 6252) | ||||
BMI | ||||
Model 1: age | −0.11 (−0.48, 0.27) | 0.74 (0.41, 1.07) | 0.88 (0.50, 1.25) | 2.585 |
Model 2: model 1 + schooling | 0.01 (−0.36, 0.38) | 0.01 (−0.33, 0.35) | 0.26 (−0.12, 0.64) | 5.818 |
Model 3: model 2 + per capita family income | 0.03 (−0.34, 0.40) | −0.06 (−0.40, 0.29) | 0.19 (−0.19, 0.57) | 0.679 |
Model 4: model 3 + hours worked weekly | −0.09 (−0.47, 0.28) | −0.04 (−0.39, 0.30) | 0.15 (−0.24, 0.53) | 0.442 |
Model 5: model 4 + study center | −0.07 (−0.45, 0.30) | 0.02 (−0.33, 0.36) | 0.23 (−0.15, 0.61) | 1.014 |
Waist circumference | ||||
Model 1: age | −0.10 (−1.02, 0.81) | 1.80 (1.00, 2.60) | 1.88 (0.97, 2.78) | 4.171 |
Model 2: model 1 + schooling | 0.08 (−0.83, 0.99) | 0.47 (−0.36, 1.31) | 0.75 (−0.17, 1.68) | 1.943 |
Model 3: model 2 + per capita family income | 0.12 (−0.79, 1.03) | 0.29 (−0.55, 1.13) | 0.56 (−0.37, 1.49) | 0.485 |
Model 4: model 3 + study center | 0.21 (−0.69, 1.12) | 0.29 (−0.55, 1.12) | 0.76 (−0.17, 1.69) | 1.333 |
Men (n = 5708) | ||||
BMI | ||||
Model 1: age | 0.13 (−0.19, 0.45) | 0.01 (−0.30, 0.31) | 0.51 (0.18, 0.84) | 0.112 |
Model 2: model 1 + marital status | 0.13 (−0.19, 0.45) | 0.02 (−0.28, 0.32) | 0.51 (0.17, 0.84) | 0.344 |
Model 3: model 2 + study center | 0.15 (−0.17, 0.46) | 0.03 (−0.27, 0.33) | 0.54 (0.21, 0.87) | 1.541 |
Waist circumference | ||||
Model 1: age | 0.38 (−0.49, 1.24) | −0.86 (−1.68, −0.03) | 0.74 (−0.15, 1.64) | 1.351 |
Model 2: model 1 + marital status | 0.38 (−0.49, 1.24) | −0.82 (−1.64, 0.00) | 0.75 (−0.15, 1.65) | 0.262 |
Model 3: model 2 + schooling | 0.29 (−0.58, 1.16) | −0.29 (−1.17, 0.58) | 1.21 (0.27, 2.15) | 0.182 |
Model 4: model 3 + hours worked weekly | 0.15 (−0.73, 1.03) | −0.27 (−1.15, 0.60) | 1.13 (0.19, 2.07) | 0.061 |
Model 5: model 4 + study center | 0.19 (−0.68, 1.06) | −0.30 (−1.17, 0.57) | 1.12 (0.18, 2.06) | 1.095 |
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Fonseca, M.D.J.M.d.; Juvanhol, L.L.; Rotenberg, L.; Nobre, A.A.; Griep, R.H.; Alves, M.G.d.M.; Cardoso, L.D.O.; Giatti, L.; Nunes, M.A.; Aquino, E.M.L.; et al. Using Gamma and Quantile Regressions to Explore the Association between Job Strain and Adiposity in the ELSA-Brasil Study: Does Gender Matter? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111404
Fonseca MDJMd, Juvanhol LL, Rotenberg L, Nobre AA, Griep RH, Alves MGdM, Cardoso LDO, Giatti L, Nunes MA, Aquino EML, et al. Using Gamma and Quantile Regressions to Explore the Association between Job Strain and Adiposity in the ELSA-Brasil Study: Does Gender Matter? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(11):1404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111404
Chicago/Turabian StyleFonseca, Maria De Jesus Mendes da, Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol, Lúcia Rotenberg, Aline Araújo Nobre, Rosane Härter Griep, Márcia Guimarães de Mello Alves, Letícia De Oliveira Cardoso, Luana Giatti, Maria Angélica Nunes, Estela M. L. Aquino, and et al. 2017. "Using Gamma and Quantile Regressions to Explore the Association between Job Strain and Adiposity in the ELSA-Brasil Study: Does Gender Matter?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 11: 1404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111404