Effects of Sleep Quality on the Association between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Chinese College Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Problematic Mobile Phone Use
1.2. Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health
1.3. Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Sleep
1.4. The Possible Role of Sleep for Mental Health
1.5. Potential Role of Sleep for the Associations between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Instruments
2.3.1. Demographic Factors
2.3.2. Problematic Mobile Phone Use
2.3.3. Sleep Quality
2.3.4. Psychopathological Symptoms
2.3.5. Anxiety Symptoms
2.3.6. Depressive Symptoms
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Sample
3.2. Associations of PMPU and Sleep Quality with Mental Health
3.3. Interactions of PMPU and Sleep Quality with Mental Health
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total | Psychopathological Symptoms | Anxiety Symptoms | Depressive Symptoms | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%)/M ± SD | p-Value | n (%)/M ± SD | p-Value | n (%)/M ± SD | p-Value | ||
Age | 19.24 ± 1.41 | 19.20 ± 1.42 | 19.59 ± 1.44 | 19.34 ± 1.46 | |||
Sex | |||||||
Male | 1973 (41.6) | 373 (18.9) | 0.016 | 344 (17.4) | 0.065 | 320 (16.2) | 0.594 |
Female | 2774 (58.4) | 450 (16.2) | 428 (15.4) | 434 (15.6) | |||
Residential area | |||||||
Rural | 2680 (56.5) | 447 (16.7) | 0.173 | 458 (17.1) | 0.079 | 429 (16.0) | 0.791 |
Urban | 2067 (43.5) | 376 (18.2) | 314 (15.2) | 325 (15.7) | |||
Any siblings | |||||||
Yes | 3133 (66.0) | 539 (17.2) | 0.735 | 524 (16.7) | 0.229 | 500 (16.0) | 0.843 |
No | 1614 (34.0) | 284 (17.6) | 248 (15.4) | 254 (15.7) | |||
Perceived family income | |||||||
Low | 1490 (31.4) | 310 (20.8) | <0.001 | 295 (19.8) | <0.001 | 295 (19.8) | <0.001 |
Medium | 3032 (63.9) | 473 (15.6) | 445 (14.7) | 428 (14.1) | |||
High | 225 (4.7) | 40 (17.8) | 32 (14.2) | 31 (13.8) | |||
Cigarette use | |||||||
Yes | 282 (5.9) | 66 (23.4) | 0.006 | 72 (25.5) | <0.001 | 50 (17.7) | 0.382 |
No | 4465 (94.1) | 757 (17.0) | 700 (15.7) | 704 (15.8) | |||
Alcohol use | |||||||
Yes | 1717 (36.2) | 319 (18.6) | 0.089 | 324 (18.9) | <0.001 | 281 (16.4) | 0.494 |
No | 3030 (63.8) | 504 (16.6) | 448 (14.8) | 473 (15.6) | |||
Internet addiction | |||||||
Yes | 543 (11.4) | 270 (49.7) | <0.001 | 209 (38.5) | <0.001 | 242 (44.6) | <0.001 |
No | 4204 (88.6) | 553 (13.2) | 563 (13.4) | 512 (12.2) | |||
PMPU | |||||||
Yes | 1340 (28.2) | 447 (33.4) | <0.001 | 378 (28.2) | <0.001 | 415 (31.0) | <0.001 |
No | 3407 (71.8) | 376 (11.0) | 394 (11.6) | 339 (10.0) | |||
Sleep quality | |||||||
Poor | 464 (9.8) | 197 (42.5) | <0.001 | 196 (42.2) | <0.001 | 218 (47.0) | <0.001 |
Good | 4283 (90.2) | 626 (14.6) | 576 (13.4) | 536 (12.5) |
Variables | Psychopathological Symptoms | Anxiety Symptoms | Depressive Symptoms | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) b | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) c | |
PMPU | ||||||
Yes | 3.69 (3.15–4.33) ** | 2.46 (2.06–2.94) ** | 2.69 (2.28–3.16) ** | 2.02 (1.68–2.43) ** | 3.66 (3.10–4.33) ** | 2.53 (2.10–3.05) ** |
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Sleep Quality | ||||||
Poor | 3.61 (2.92–4.47) ** | 3.34 (2.67–4.16) ** | 4.06 (3.29–5.01) ** | 3.72 (2.99–4.62) ** | 5.35 (4.32–6.62) ** | 4.97 (3.99–6.19) ** |
Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
PMPU | Sleep Quality | Psychopathological Symptoms | Anxiety Symptoms | Depressive Symptoms | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) a | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) b | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) c | ||
Yes | Poor | 12.38 (9.23–16.61) ** | 7.60 (5.55–10.41) a,** | 9.81 (7.33–13.12) ** | 6.68 (4.89–9.13) b,** | 17.58 (13.01–23.75) ** | 11.28 (8.21–15.50) c,** |
Good | 3.84 (3.22–4.57) ** | 2.56 (2.10–3.10) a,** | 2.85 (2.38–3.42) ** | 2.16 (1.77–2.65) b,** | 3.91 (3.24–4.71) ** | 2.70 (2.20–3.31) c,** | |
No | Poor | 4.05 (3.01–5.45) ** | 3.71 (2.74–5.03) a,** | 4.74 (3.55–6.32) ** | 4.40 (3.27–5.92) b,** | 6.28 (4.69–8.40) ** | 5.79 (4.31–7.78) c,** |
Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
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Tao, S.; Wu, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Tong, S.; Tao, F. Effects of Sleep Quality on the Association between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Chinese College Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020185
Tao S, Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Tong S, Tao F. Effects of Sleep Quality on the Association between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Chinese College Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(2):185. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020185
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao, Shuman, Xiaoyan Wu, Yukun Zhang, Shichen Zhang, Shilu Tong, and Fangbiao Tao. 2017. "Effects of Sleep Quality on the Association between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Chinese College Students" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 2: 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14020185