The Health Risk of Cd Released from Low-Cost Jewelry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples
2.2. Analysis of Surface Composition
2.3. Leaching the Samples in an Artificial Sweat
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Surface Analysis
3.2. Leaching in Artificial Sweat
3.3. Systemic Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk of Released Cd
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ED XRF [%, w/w] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | Cd | Cu | Zn | Sn | Ni | Ag | Area (cm2) | Weight (g) | Picture |
1B | 44.64 | 35.82 | 5.55 | 0.00 | 13.76 | 0.23 | 6.00 | 5.676 | |
2B | 34.52 | 25.78 | 39.71 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 9.00 | 10.24 | |
3B | 26.59 | 46.00 | 25.31 | 0.20 | 0.35 | 1.55 | 4.00 | 2.58 | |
4A | 24.96 | 64.73 | 8.20 | 0.21 | 0.47 | 1.42 | 3.00 | 4.21 | |
6A | 29.13 | 57.07 | 7.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6.63 | 1.00 | 3.59 | |
7A | 13.69 | 65.01 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 0.93 | 0.37 | 6.25 | 4.07 | |
9A | 29.11 | 38.06 | 32.00 | 0.00 | 0.58 | 0.25 | 9.00 | 4.63 | |
5A | 25.73 | 64.30 | 9.20 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.24 | 12.50 | 4.80 | |
10A | 19.50 | 52.49 | 26.63 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.65 | 4.00 | 2.88 | |
Ring | 13.40 | 85.41 | 0.54 | 0.15 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 7.09 | |
Sample | Sweat Type | TRA Cd (µg/Week) | TRA Cd * (µg/cm2/Week) | MADD (µg/kg/Day) | RCR (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1B | Alkaline | 370.4 | 61.73 | 4.54 × 10−3 | 1.13 × 10−1 |
2B | Alkaline | 72.70 | 8.078 | 8.90 × 10−3 | 2.23 × 10−2 |
3B | Alkaline | 49.01 | 12.25 | 6.00 × 10−4 | 1.50 × 10−2 |
4A | Alkaline | 29.37 | 9.789 | 3.60 × 10−4 | 8.99 × 10−3 |
6A | Alkaline | 24.55 | 24.55 | 3.01 × 10−4 | 7.52 × 10−3 |
7A | Alkaline | 24.00 | 3.840 | 2.94 × 10−4 | 7.35 × 10−3 |
9A | Alkaline | 29.09 | 3.232 | 3.56 × 10−4 | 8.90 × 10−3 |
1B | Acidic | 1517 | 252.9 | 1.86 × 10−2 | 4.64 × 10−1 |
2B | Acidic | 340.5 | 37.83 | 4.17 × 10−3 | 1.04 × 10−1 |
3B | Acidic | 222.3 | 55.585 | 2.72 × 10−3 | 6.81 × 10−2 |
5A | Acidic | 44.14 | 3.532 | 5.41 × 10−4 | 1.35 × 10−2 |
10A | Acidic | 16.36 | 4.089 | 2.00 × 10−4 | 5.01 × 10−3 |
Ring | Acidic | 154.6 | 51.53 | 1.89 × 10−3 | 4.73 × 10−2 |
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Pouzar, M.; Zvolská, M.; Jarolím, O.; Audrlická Vavrušová, L. The Health Risk of Cd Released from Low-Cost Jewelry. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 520. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050520
Pouzar M, Zvolská M, Jarolím O, Audrlická Vavrušová L. The Health Risk of Cd Released from Low-Cost Jewelry. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(5):520. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050520
Chicago/Turabian StylePouzar, Miloslav, Magdalena Zvolská, Oldřich Jarolím, and Lenka Audrlická Vavrušová. 2017. "The Health Risk of Cd Released from Low-Cost Jewelry" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 5: 520. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050520