Influence of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Metal Bioavailability, Plant Metal Accumulation and Root Exudates of Ryegrass for Phytoremediation in Lead-Polluted Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design of the Pot Experiment
2.2. Pb Content Determination
2.3. Determination of pH
2.4. Organic Acids Analysis
2.5. Community Bureau of Reference Sequential Extraction Tests
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Speciation Analysis of Pb in Soil
3.2. Effect of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the pH of Soil
3.3. Effect of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on Pb Accumulation in Ryegrass
3.4. Plant Growth and Biomass
3.5. Organic Acid Response to Nano-Hydroxyapatitein the Ryegrass Rhizosphere
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Pb-Spiked Content (mg/kg) | Addition Amount of NHAP (g) |
---|---|---|
0 mg/kg | 0 | 0 |
0 mg/kg + NHAP | 0 | 1.5 |
400 mg/kg | 400 | 0 |
400 mg/kg + NHAP | 400 | 1.5 |
800 mg/kg | 800 | 0 |
800 mg/kg + NHAP | 800 | 1.5 |
1200 mg/kg | 1200 | 0 |
1200 mg/kg + NHAP | 1200 | 1.5 |
Fraction | Reagent | Shaking Time and Temperature |
---|---|---|
Exchangeable (F1) | 40 mL of 0.11 mol/L CH3COOH | 16 h at 25 °C |
Reducible (iron/manganese oxyhydroxides) (F2) | 40 mL of 0.5 mol/L NH2OH·HCl | 16 h at 25 °C |
Oxidizable (organic matter and sulfides) (F3) | 10 mL of 8.8 mol/L H2O2, twice, cool and add 50 mL of 1 mol/L NH4Ac | 1 h at 25 °C, 1 h at 85 °C, 1 h at 85 °C, 16 h at 25 °C |
Residual (R) | HNO3-H2O2-HF | Microwave digestion |
Exogenous Pb Concentration (mg/kg) | The Rhizosphere Soil pH | |
---|---|---|
Without NHAP | With NHAP | |
0 | 8.64 ± 0.10 a,b | 8.66 ± 0.03 a |
400 | 8.69 ± 0.04 a | 8.73 ± 0.02 a |
800 | 8.51 ± 0.20 b | 8.64 ± 0.03 a,b |
1200 | 8.12 ± 0.01 d | 8.20 ± 0.01 c |
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Ding, L.; Li, J.; Liu, W.; Zuo, Q.; Liang, S.-x. Influence of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Metal Bioavailability, Plant Metal Accumulation and Root Exudates of Ryegrass for Phytoremediation in Lead-Polluted Soil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050532
Ding L, Li J, Liu W, Zuo Q, Liang S-x. Influence of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Metal Bioavailability, Plant Metal Accumulation and Root Exudates of Ryegrass for Phytoremediation in Lead-Polluted Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(5):532. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050532
Chicago/Turabian StyleDing, Ling, Jianbing Li, Wei Liu, Qingqing Zuo, and Shu-xuan Liang. 2017. "Influence of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Metal Bioavailability, Plant Metal Accumulation and Root Exudates of Ryegrass for Phytoremediation in Lead-Polluted Soil" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 5: 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14050532