Clonal Diversity of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Environmental, Human and Food Samples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling and Bacterial Isolation
2.2. β-Lactamase Characterization
2.3. MLST Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Prevalence in Food and Environmental Samples
3.2. Antimicrobial Resistance
3.3. β-Lactamase Genes
3.4. Clonal Diversity Study
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contribution
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source | No. of Analyzed Samples | No. of Positive Samples (%) | No. of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae | No. of ESBL-Producing E. coli | No. of ESBL-Producing E. coli Carrying blaBLEE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food | 580 | 112 (19.3) | 196 | 179 | 150 |
Fresh meat | 169 | 96 (56.8) | 183 | 175 | 149 |
Vegetables | 306 | 14 (4.6) | 11 | 4 | 1 |
Fish | 37 | 1 (2.7) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Cooked meat | 34 | 1 (2.7) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Cheese | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Environment | 592 | 255 (43.1) | 252 | 208 | 186 |
WWTP | 279 | 163 (58.4) | 163 | 132 | 117 |
Rivers | 222 | 45 (20.3) | 41 | 30 | 26 |
Farms | 91 | 47 (51.6) | 48 | 46 | 43 |
Human a | - | - | - | 130 | 112 |
Antibiotic | Origin of Strains | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food | WWTP | Rivers | Farms | Human | |
AMP | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 99.2 |
PIP | 99.5 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 99.2 |
MZ | 98.5 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 99.2 |
CZ | 99.5 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 97.7 |
CXM | 99.1 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 96.9 |
CPD | 99.5 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 96.2 |
CTX | 97.1 | 97.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 96.2 |
CAZ | 97.6 | 80.4 | 83.7 | 100.0 | 96.2 |
FOX | 9.7 | 34.6 | 43.0 | 4.0 | 14.6 |
FEP | 94.2 | 82.3 | 18.0 | 2.0 | 94.6 |
AZT | 96.6 | 92.0 | 87.8 | 100.0 | 96.2 |
AMC | 18.0 | 50.0 | 36.3 | 10.0 | 57.7 |
AMS | 79.1 | 97.0 | 92.0 | 68.0 | 89.2 |
TZP | 1.9 | 81.1 | 20.0 | 4.0 | 24.6 |
ETP | 0.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 |
MER | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
IMP | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
AK | 99.5 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 8.5 |
GM | 10.7 | 16.7 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 21.5 |
TO | 7.8 | 19.5 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 37.7 |
LV | 50.0 | 38.2 | 18.0 | 44.0 | 70.8 |
CIP | 56.8 | 41.6 | 20.0 | 46.0 | 72.3 |
MXF | 67.0 | 52.3 | 33.0 | 58.0 | 75.4 |
TET | 83.0 | 48.4 | 71.0 | 72.0 | 76.1 |
TIG | 0.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.3 |
COL | 21.8 | 0.0 | 24.0 | 10.0 | 27.7 |
SXT | 40.8 | 38.0 | 27.0 | 34.0 | 65.4 |
FOT | 2.9 | 11.9 | 22.0 | 2.0 | 4.6 |
FM | 14.6 | 26.7 | 12.0 | 8.0 | 10.8 |
CHL | 23.7 | 13.6 | 16.3 | 22.0 | 33.1 |
MDR | 84.8 | 65.4 | 62.0 | 58.0 | 86.2 |
Sample Origin | No. of ESBL-Producing | No. of bla Genes | Percentages of Detected bla Genes (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CTX-M-14 | CTX-M-1 | CTX-M-15 | TEM-42 | SHV-12 | |||
Food | 179 | 150 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 1.2 | 12.5 | 18.5 |
WWTP | 132 | 117 | 24.5 | 18.4 | 11.1 | 11.7 | 14.1 |
Rivers | 30 | 26 | 17.1 | 24.4 | 9.8 | 4.9 | 9.8 |
Farms | 46 | 43 | 15.5 | 28.1 | 21.4 | 16.7 | 51.0 |
Human | 130 | 112 | 33.5 | 11.5 | 39.2 | 13.1 | 10.7 |
Clonal Complex | Number of Isolates | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food | WWTP | River | Farm | Human | |
CC10 | 21 | 16 | 2 | 6 | 16 |
CC101 | 2 | - | - | 5 | - |
CC131 | 1 | - | - | - | 26 |
CC155 | 6 | 6 | - | - | 1 |
CC156 | 2 | 7 | - | - | 1 |
CC168 | 4 | 3 | - | 1 | - |
CC23 | - | 7 | - | 6 | 13 |
CC350 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
CC398 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
CC448 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
CC46 | 2 | 5 | 3 | - | 1 |
CC648 | 6 | - | - | - | 5 |
CC69 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
CC86 | 5 | 1 | - | - | 3 |
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Ojer-Usoz, E.; González, D.; Vitas, A.I. Clonal Diversity of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Environmental, Human and Food Samples. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070676
Ojer-Usoz E, González D, Vitas AI. Clonal Diversity of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Environmental, Human and Food Samples. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(7):676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070676
Chicago/Turabian StyleOjer-Usoz, Elena, David González, and Ana Isabel Vitas. 2017. "Clonal Diversity of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Environmental, Human and Food Samples" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070676