Odorous Compounds from Poultry Manure Induce DNA Damage, Nuclear Changes, and Decrease Cell Membrane Integrity in Chicken Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. LMH Cell Culture
2.3. Comet Assay (SCGE—Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay)
2.4. Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity (LDH) Assay
2.5. Calculation of IC50
2.6. Fluorescence Microscopic Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. DNA Damage in Chicken Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
3.2. Cytotoxicity and Determining IC50
3.3. Nuclear Morphology of LMH Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nowak, A.; Bakuła, T.; Matusiak, K.; Gałęcki, R.; Borowski, S.; Gutarowska, B. Odorous Compounds from Poultry Manure Induce DNA Damage, Nuclear Changes, and Decrease Cell Membrane Integrity in Chicken Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080933
Nowak A, Bakuła T, Matusiak K, Gałęcki R, Borowski S, Gutarowska B. Odorous Compounds from Poultry Manure Induce DNA Damage, Nuclear Changes, and Decrease Cell Membrane Integrity in Chicken Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(8):933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080933
Chicago/Turabian StyleNowak, Adriana, Tadeusz Bakuła, Katarzyna Matusiak, Remigiusz Gałęcki, Sebastian Borowski, and Beata Gutarowska. 2017. "Odorous Compounds from Poultry Manure Induce DNA Damage, Nuclear Changes, and Decrease Cell Membrane Integrity in Chicken Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 8: 933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080933