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Volume 14
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10.3390/ijerph14091080
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Article

Depression and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural Communities—A Longitudinal Analysis of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study

by
Kerry J. Inder
1,
Elizabeth G. Holliday
2,
Tonelle E. Handley
3,*,
Lyn J. Fragar
4,
Tony Lower
4,
Angela Booth
3,
Terry J. Lewin
3,5 and
Brian J. Kelly
3
1
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
2
Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
3
Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
4
School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
5
Hunter New England Mental Health, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14(9), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091080
Submission received: 11 August 2017 / Revised: 13 September 2017 / Accepted: 15 September 2017 / Published: 18 September 2017
(This article belongs to the Section Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Limited longitudinal research has examined relationships between depression and injury, particularly in rural contexts. This paper reports cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (ARMHS) exploring relationships between “probable depression” episodes and unintentional injury. Participants completed four surveys over five years. Multivariate logistic regressions were employed to assess the causal effect of prior depression episodes on subsequent injury risk. Of 2621 baseline participants, 23.3% experienced a probable depression episode recently and 15.9% reported a serious injury during the previous 12 months. Factors associated with a 12-month injury at baseline included male gender, being unemployed or unable to work, being involved in a serious incident, hazardous alcohol use, and having experienced a recent depression episode. Longitudinal analyses revealed that probable depression was significantly associated with subsequent unintentional injury (OR 1.68, 99%CI 1.20–2.35), as was male gender (OR 1.39, 99%CI 1.06–1.82), while alcohol consumption did not mediate these relationships. Campaigns to reduce the impact of mental illness should consider unintentional injuries as a contributor, while injury prevention initiatives may benefit from addressing mental health issues. Such strategies are particularly important in rural and remote areas where injuries are more common and mental health services are less readily available.
Keywords: injury; depression; affective disorder; rural mental health; risk factors; longitudinal analysis injury; depression; affective disorder; rural mental health; risk factors; longitudinal analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Inder, K.J.; Holliday, E.G.; Handley, T.E.; Fragar, L.J.; Lower, T.; Booth, A.; Lewin, T.J.; Kelly, B.J. Depression and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural Communities—A Longitudinal Analysis of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091080

AMA Style

Inder KJ, Holliday EG, Handley TE, Fragar LJ, Lower T, Booth A, Lewin TJ, Kelly BJ. Depression and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural Communities—A Longitudinal Analysis of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(9):1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091080

Chicago/Turabian Style

Inder, Kerry J., Elizabeth G. Holliday, Tonelle E. Handley, Lyn J. Fragar, Tony Lower, Angela Booth, Terry J. Lewin, and Brian J. Kelly. 2017. "Depression and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural Communities—A Longitudinal Analysis of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 9: 1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091080

APA Style

Inder, K. J., Holliday, E. G., Handley, T. E., Fragar, L. J., Lower, T., Booth, A., Lewin, T. J., & Kelly, B. J. (2017). Depression and Risk of Unintentional Injury in Rural Communities—A Longitudinal Analysis of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(9), 1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091080

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