Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Chicken Livers and Gizzards from Industrial and Small Abattoirs, Measured by ELISA Technique in Maputo, Mozambique
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Morphological Evaluation of Liver Samples
2.3. Analytical Procedures
2.3.1. Extraction of Aflatoxin B1
2.3.2. Analysis of AflatoxinB1 in Samples
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liver Type | IS Livers | LS Livers | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samples | Weight (g) | Samples | Weight (g) | |||||
Range | Mean ± SD | 95% CI | Range | Mean ± SD | 95% CI | |||
Normal | 35 (50.0) | 23.80–46.80 | 35.47 ± 0.79 a | 33.85–37.10 | 12 (40.0) | 30.20–45.60 | 39.24 ± 1.40 a | 36.16–42.32 |
Moderate | 28 (40.0) | 30.20–45.40 | 39.28 ± 0.78 a | 37.66–40.89 | 12 (40.0) | 40.80–49.70 | 46.03 ± 0.90 a | 44.03–48.02 |
Pale/yellow | 7 (10.0) | 37.90–50.20 | 45.59 ± 2.06 a | 40.54–50.63 | 6 (20.0) | 36.20–49.70 | 41.67 ± 2.23 a | 35.93–47.31 |
Total | 70 (70.0) | 23.80–50.20 | 38.00 ± 5.48 b | 36.70–39.30 | 30 (30.0) | 30.20–49.70 | 42.40 ± 5.24 b | 40.50–44.40 |
AFB1 Spiked Level (µg/kg) | AFB1 Recovery * (µg/kg) | R (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assay 1 | Assay 2 | Assay 3 | Assay 4 | Assay 5 | Mean ± SD | ||
5.0 | 4.67 | 4.64 | 4.34 | 4.54 | 4.49 | 4.54 ± 0.13 | 90.20 |
10.0 | 9.23 | 9.54 | 9.17 | 9.34 | 9.29 | 9.31 ± 0.14 | 93.14 |
Sample Type | Samples | AFB1 Content (µg/kg) | Samples with Level | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analyzed | Positive | Range | Mean ± SD | <10 * µg/kg | >10 µg/kg | |
IS livers | 70 | 19 (27.1) a | 0.61–2.48 | 1.35 ± 0.58 b | 70 | 0 |
LS livers | 30 | 20 (66.7) a | 0.57–3.80 | 1.73 ± 1.09 b | 30 | 0 |
Total | 100 | 39 (39.0) | 0.57–3.80 | 1.54 ± 0.89 b | 100 | 0 |
IS gizzards | 50 | 2 (4.0) a | 0.81–1.34 | 1.07 ± 0.37 b | 50 | 0 |
LS gizzards | 30 | 9 (30.0) a | 0.68–2.12 | 1.04 ± 0.44 b | 30 | 0 |
Total | 80 | 11 (13.8) | 0.68–2.12 | 1.06 ± 0.42 b | 80 | 0 |
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Sineque, A.R.; Macuamule, C.L.; Dos Anjos, F.R. Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Chicken Livers and Gizzards from Industrial and Small Abattoirs, Measured by ELISA Technique in Maputo, Mozambique. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14090951
Sineque AR, Macuamule CL, Dos Anjos FR. Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Chicken Livers and Gizzards from Industrial and Small Abattoirs, Measured by ELISA Technique in Maputo, Mozambique. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(9):951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14090951
Chicago/Turabian StyleSineque, Alberto Romão, Custódia Lina Macuamule, and Filomena Rosa Dos Anjos. 2017. "Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Chicken Livers and Gizzards from Industrial and Small Abattoirs, Measured by ELISA Technique in Maputo, Mozambique" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 9: 951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14090951
APA StyleSineque, A. R., Macuamule, C. L., & Dos Anjos, F. R. (2017). Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Chicken Livers and Gizzards from Industrial and Small Abattoirs, Measured by ELISA Technique in Maputo, Mozambique. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(9), 951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14090951