Mortality Rate Associated with Admission Hyperglycemia in Traumatic Femoral Fracture Patients Is Greater Than Non-Diabetic Normoglycemic Patients but Not Diabetic Normoglycemic Patients
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Study Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Patients with Femoral Fracture with SIH
3.2. Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with DH
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | SIH, n = 75 | DH, n = 280 | DN, n = 309 | NDN, n = 1326 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Female, n (%) | 42 (56.0) | 190 (67.9) | 212 (68.6) | 746 (56.3) |
Male, n (%) | 33 (44.0) | 90 (32.1) | 97 (31.4) | 580 (43.7) |
Age (years) | 72.6 ± 13.7 | 72.4 ± 10.2 | 74.2 ± 10.2 | 67.1 ± 20.1 |
Comorbidity | ||||
HTN, n (%) | 37 (49.3) | 186 (66.4) | 235 (76.1) | 544 (41.0) |
CAD, n (%) | 4 (5.3) | 31 (11.1) | 32 (10.4) | 89 (6.7) |
CHF, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.9) | 10 (3.2) | 28 (2.1) |
CVA, n (%) | 7 (9.3) | 47 (16.8) | 57 (18.4) | 120 (9.0) |
ESRD, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.2) |
GCS | 14.4 ± 1.9 | 14.8 ± 0.8 | 14.8 ± 0.9 | 14.8 ± 0.9 |
≤8 | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 7 (0.5) |
9–12 | 5 (6.7) | 6 (2.1) | 6 (1.9) | 28 (2.1) |
≥13 | 69 (92.0) | 274 (97.9) | 302 (97.7) | 1291 (97.4) |
ISS, median (IQR) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) |
<16 | 72 (96.0) | 280 (100.0) | 309 (100.0) | 1314 (99.1) |
16–24 | 3 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (0.9) |
≥25 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Hospital LOS (days) | 12.7 ± 11.1 | 10.3 ± 9.0 | 9.9 ± 8.1 | 9.7 ± 7.1 |
ICU admission, n (%) | 9 (12.0) | 24 (8.6) | 19 (6.1) | 102 (7.7) |
Mortality, n (%) | 3 (4.0) | 5 (1.8) | 9 (2.9) | 4 (0.3) |
Variables | SIH vs. NDN | SIH vs. DN | DH vs. NDN | DH vs. DN | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p | |
Characteristic | ||||||||
Sex | 0.965 | 0.038 | <0.001 | 0.845 | ||||
Female, n (%) | 1.0 (0.62–1.58) | 0.6 (0.35–0.98) | 1.6 (1.25–2.16) | 1.0 (0.68–1.37) | ||||
Male, n (%) | 1.0 (0.63–1.62) | 1.7 (1.03–2.88) | 0.6 (0.46–0.80) | 1.0 (0.73–1.47) | ||||
Comorbidity | ||||||||
HTN, n (%) | 1.4 (0.88–2.23) | 0.155 | 0.3 (0.18–0.52) | <0.001 | 2.8 (2.17–3.73) | <0.001 | 0.6 (0.44–0.89) | 0.010 |
CAD, n (%) | 0.8 (0.28–2.19) | 0.813 | 0.5 (0.17–1.42) | 0.181 | 1.7 (1.13–2.66) | 0.012 | 1.1 (0.64–1.82) | 0.779 |
CHF, n (%) | - | 0.397 | - | 0.221 | 1.4 (0.62–3.02) | 0.444 | 0.9 (0.34–2.26) | 0.790 |
CVA, n (%) | 1.0 (0.47–2.30) | 0.934 | 0.5 (0.20–1.04) | 0.057 | 2.0 (1.41–2.92) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.58–1.36) | 0.598 |
ESRD, n (%) | ― | 1.000 | - | - | 2.4 (0.21–26.26) | 0.437 | - | 0.475 |
GCS | ||||||||
≤8 | 2.5 (0.31–20.97) | 0.357 | 4.2 (0.26–67.32) | 0.353 | - | 0.613 | - | 1.000 |
9–12 | 3.3 (1.24–8.84) | 0.028 | 3.6 (1.07–12.16) | 0.044 | 1.0 (0.42–2.48) | 0.974 | 1.1 (0.35–3.47) | 0.863 |
≥13 | 0.3 (0.13–0.77) | 0.019 | 0.3 (0.09–0.82) | 0.025 | 1.2 (0.52–2.97) | 0.632 | 1.1 (0.35–3.19) | 0.919 |
ISS | ||||||||
<16 | 0.2 (0.06–0.79) | 0.042 | - | 0.007 | - | 0.241 | - | - |
16–24 | 4.6 (1.26–16.53) | 0.042 | - | 0.007 | - | 0.241 | - | - |
≥25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Outcomes | ||||||||
ICU admission, n (%) | 1.6 (0.79–3.38) | 0.179 | 2.1 (0.90–4.81) | 0.080 | 1.1 (0.71–1.79) | 0.619 | 1.4 (0.77–2.67) | 0.259 |
Mortality, n (%) | 13.8 (3.03–62.69) | 0.004 | 1.4 (0.37–5.26) | 0.710 | 6.0 (1.60–22.52) | 0.011 | 6.0 (0.20–1.83) | 0.370 |
Adjusted mortality, n (%) | 9.8 (1.54–62.05) | 0.016 | 0.3 (0.03–2.99) | 0.302 | 5.8 (1.46–22.67) | 0.012 | 0.6 (0.20–1.89) | 0.394 |
SIH, n = 75 | DH, n = 280 | DN, n = 309 | NDN, n = 1326 | Levene’s Test p | F | p | Median Difference | Post-Hoc p | |||
Age | 72.6 ± 13.7 | 72.4 ± 10.2 | 74.2 ± 10.2 | 67.1 ± 20.1 | <0.001 | 18.6 | <0.001 | NDN | SIH | −5.5 | 0.008 |
(years) | DH | −5.3 | <0.001 | ||||||||
DN | SIH | 1.6 | 0.774 | ||||||||
DH | 1.8 | 0.142 | |||||||||
GCS | 14.4 ± 1.9 | 14.8 ± 0.8 | 14.8 ± 0.9 | 14.8 ± 0.9 | <0.001 | 4.8 | 0.002 | NDN | SIH | 0.4 | 0.238 |
DH | −0.0 | 0.967 | |||||||||
DN | SIH | 0.4 | 0.236 | ||||||||
DH | −0.0 | 0.996 | |||||||||
LOS | 12.7 ± 11.1 | 10.3 ± 9.0 | 9.9 ± 8.1 | 9.7 ± 7.1 | <0.001 | 3.9 | 0.009 | NDN | SIH | −3.0 | 0.104 |
(days) | DH | −0.6 | 0.675 | ||||||||
DN | SIH | −2.7 | 0.194 | ||||||||
DH | −0.4 | 0.953 | |||||||||
SIH, n = 75 | DH, n = 280 | DN, n = 309 | NDN, n = 1326 | Levene’s Test p | F | Kruskal-Wallis p | Median Difference | Post-Hoc p | |||
ISS, | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | N/A | N/A | <0.001 | NDN | SIH | 0 | 0.854 |
Median (IQR) | DH | 0 | <0.001 | ||||||||
DN | SIH | 0 | 0.053 | ||||||||
DH | 0 | 0.630 |
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Rau, C.-S.; Wu, S.-C.; Chen, Y.-C.; Chien, P.-C.; Hsieh, H.-Y.; Kuo, P.-J.; Hsieh, C.-H. Mortality Rate Associated with Admission Hyperglycemia in Traumatic Femoral Fracture Patients Is Greater Than Non-Diabetic Normoglycemic Patients but Not Diabetic Normoglycemic Patients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010028
Rau C-S, Wu S-C, Chen Y-C, Chien P-C, Hsieh H-Y, Kuo P-J, Hsieh C-H. Mortality Rate Associated with Admission Hyperglycemia in Traumatic Femoral Fracture Patients Is Greater Than Non-Diabetic Normoglycemic Patients but Not Diabetic Normoglycemic Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(1):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010028
Chicago/Turabian StyleRau, Cheng-Shyuan, Shao-Chun Wu, Yi-Chun Chen, Peng-Chen Chien, Hsiao-Yun Hsieh, Pao-Jen Kuo, and Ching-Hua Hsieh. 2018. "Mortality Rate Associated with Admission Hyperglycemia in Traumatic Femoral Fracture Patients Is Greater Than Non-Diabetic Normoglycemic Patients but Not Diabetic Normoglycemic Patients" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 1: 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010028