Effect of a 12-Week Online Walking Intervention on Health and Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Setting
2.2. Randomization and Blinding
2.3. Ethical Approval
2.4. Protocol
2.5. Intervention
2.5.1. STRIDE Website
2.5.2. Step Goals
2.6. Outcome Measures
2.6.1. Physical Activity
2.6.2. Anthropometry
2.6.3. Physiological Measures
2.6.4. Physical Fitness
2.6.5. Functional Status and Quality of Life (QOL)
2.7. Demographics
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Reliability of Constructs Derived from SF-36v2
3.3. Visits to STRIDE Website
3.4. Effect of the Intervention on Outcome Variables
3.4.1. Health Variables
3.4.2. Physical Fitness (6MWT)
3.4.3. SF-36 Scores
3.4.4. Physiological Variables
- Blood pressure
- BMI
- Waist girth
3.4.5. Quality of Life (QOL)
4. Discussion
4.1. QOL
4.2. Physical Fitness (6MWT)
4.3. Blood Pressure
4.4. BMI
4.5. Waist Girth
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Intervention (n = 46) | Control (n = 45) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | (%) | n | (%) | |
Age, y | ||||
Mean | 65.2 | 66.1 | ||
SD | 9.3 | 9.4 | ||
Range | 29–78 | 44–86 | ||
Sex | ||||
Male | 21 | (45.7) | 23 | (51.1) |
Female | 25 | (54.3) | 22 | (48.9) |
Location | ||||
Metropolitan | 24 | (52.2) | 24 | (53.3) |
Rural | 22 | (47.8) | 21 | (46.7) |
Marital status | ||||
Married/living | 37 | (80.4) | 35 | (77.8) |
with partner | ||||
Not married | 9 | (19.6) | 10 | (22.2) |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
Caucasian | 45 | (97.8) | 42 | (93.3) |
Asian | 0 | (0) | 2 | (4.4) |
ATSI | 1 | (2.2) | 1 | (2.2) |
Education | ||||
<High school | 0 | (0) | 2 | (4.4) |
High school or diploma | 31 | (67.4) | 35 | (77.8) |
University | 15 | (32.6) | 7 | (15.6) |
SES (SEIFA) | ||||
Low | 18 | (39.1) | 18 | (40.0) |
Middle | 18 | (39.1) | 14 | (31.1) |
High | 10 | (21.7) | 12 | (26.7) |
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
Normal (<25) | 6 | (13.0) | 9 | (20.0) |
Overweight (25–29) | 15 | (32.6) | 16 | (35.6) |
Obese (30–39) | 23 | (50.0) | 18 | (40.0) |
Morbidly obese (40+) | 2 | (4.3) | 2 | (4.4) |
Smoking status | ||||
Smoker | 0 | (0) | 4 | (8.9) |
Ex-smoker | 11 | (23.9) | 19 | (42.2) |
Non-smoker | 35 | (76.1) | 22 | (48.9) |
Length of time using Internet, y | ||||
First time | 1 | (2.2) | 4 | (8.9) |
<6–12 months | 0 | (0) | 6 | (13.3) |
1–3 | 6 | (13.0) | 1 | (2.2) |
4–6 | 5 | (10.9) | 5 | (11.1) |
≥7 | 34 | (73.9) | 29 | (64.4) |
Characteristics | Intervention (n = 46) | Control (n = 45) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | (%) | n | (%) | |
Cancer type | ||||
Breast | 21 | (45.7) | 17 | (37.8) |
Prostate | 9 | (19.6) | 11 | (24.4) |
Colorectal | 5 | (10.9) | 4 | (8.9) |
Head and neck | 3 | (6.5) | 3 | (6.7) |
Gynaecologic * | 1 | (2.2) | 2 | (4.4) |
Lung | 1 | (2.2) | 0 | (0) |
Other | 6 | (13.0) | 8 | (17.8) |
No. of cancers | ||||
1 | 39 | (84.8) | 39 | (86.7) |
>1 | 7 | (15.2) | 6 | (13.3) |
Time since first cancer diagnosis, y | ||||
<2 | 3 | (6.5) | 1 | (2.2) |
2–5 | 25 | (54.3) | 26 | (57.8) |
6–9 | 11 | (23.9) | 6 | (13.3) |
≥10 | 6 | (13.0) | 9 | (20.0) |
Comorbidity | ||||
Diabetes II | 4 | (8.7) | 3 | (6.5) |
Arthritis | 5 | (10.9) | 5 | (11.1) |
Hypertension | 12 | (26.1) | 13 | (28.3) |
High cholesterol | 10 | (21.8) | 9 | (20.0) |
Dimensions | Cronbach’s α |
---|---|
Physical functioning | 0.865 |
Role physical | 0.926 |
Bodily pain | 0.724 |
General health | 0.809 |
Vitality | 0.805 |
Social functioning | 0.607 |
Role emotional | 0.913 |
Mental health | 0.827 |
Health Indicators | Intervention | Control | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Week 12 | Week 24 | Baseline | Week 12 | Week 24 | |
Physical fitness (6MWT) (m) a** | 530.4 | 553.9 | 565.3 | 515.2 | 521.3 | 528.9 |
(66.8) | (72.4) | (81.3) | (88.7) | (101.9) | (102.6) | |
Systolic blood pressure [mmHg] a** | 138.7 | 134.4 | 131.83 | 139.7 | 133.2 | 130.6 |
(15.5) | (16.8) | (15.5) | (20.2) | (19.3) | (16.6) | |
Diastolic blood pressure [mmHg] a** | 81.3 | 77.2 | 75.7 | 79.8 | 79.4 | 76.5 |
(9.6) | (9.4) | (10.2) | (10.8) | (12.1) | (11.0) | |
Waist girth (cm) a** | 99.7 | 98.6 | 99.8 | 97.6 | 96.8 | 97.8 |
(13.1) | (13.3) | (13.5) | (13.3) | (13.4) | (13.1) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4 | 30.2 | 30.1 | 28.6 | 28.6 | 28.6 |
(4.9) | (4.9) | (4.9) | (4.5) | (4.4) | (4.4) |
SF-36v2 Subscales | Intervention | Control | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Week 12 | Week 24 | Baseline | Week 12 | Week 24 | |
Physical functioning | 79.5 | 80.8 | 80.9 | 74.5 | 74.3 | 75.1 |
(15.8) | (16.3) | (17.5) | (20.5) | (20.6) | (17.5) | |
Role physical | 71.1 | 72.9 | 72.9 | 71.0 | 68.4 | 75.1 |
(26.3) | (19.0) | (22.3) | (25.3) | (21.2) | (19.4) | |
Bodily pain a** | 40.5 | 63.3 | 65.7 | 35.5 | 61.6 | 66.3 |
(20.8) | (18.5) | (18.2) | (16.1) | (20.3) | (21.5) | |
General health a** | 53.2 | 69.5 | 72.7 | 50.9 | 67.4 | 68.3 |
(11.9) | (16.5) | (19.7) | (9.8) | (15.7) | (16.6) | |
Vitality | 58.7 | 57.1 | 55.6 | 61.1 | 55.2 | 55.7 |
(10.0) | (15.9) | (16.0) | (9.3) | (13.8) | (12.8) | |
Social functioning a** | 71.5 | 83.4 | 83.9 | 62.3 | 76.3 | 81.4 |
(15.4) | (20.5) | (16.9) | (16.3) | (23.8) | (21.1) | |
Role emotional bc* | 86.8 | 86.3 | 81.2 | 74.2 | 74.5 | 78.5 |
(18.5) | (16.7) | (22.9) | (22.0) | (21.4) | (18.1) | |
Mental health a* | 68.5 | 70.8 | 67.8 | 64.3 | 71.7 | 70.3 |
(8.1) | (13.1) | (15.6) | (6.1) | (11.6) | (14.1) |
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Share and Cite
Frensham, L.J.; Parfitt, G.; Dollman, J. Effect of a 12-Week Online Walking Intervention on Health and Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102081
Frensham LJ, Parfitt G, Dollman J. Effect of a 12-Week Online Walking Intervention on Health and Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(10):2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102081
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrensham, Lauren J., Gaynor Parfitt, and James Dollman. 2018. "Effect of a 12-Week Online Walking Intervention on Health and Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102081
APA StyleFrensham, L. J., Parfitt, G., & Dollman, J. (2018). Effect of a 12-Week Online Walking Intervention on Health and Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102081