Occurrence and Composition of Microplastics in the Seabed Sediments of the Coral Communities in Proximity of a Metropolitan Area
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and the Coral Communities
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Extraction Procedures
2.4. Identification of Microplastics
2.4.1. Microscope Examination
2.4.2. ATR-FTIR Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | No. of Samples | Mean | Median | SD | CV% | MAD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6 | 185.0 | 194.5 | 38.3 | 20.7 | 25.0 |
2 | 6 | 171.7 | 168.5 | 57.6 | 33.6 | 51.0 |
3 | 6 | 223.0 | 221.0 | 51.4 | 23.1 | 38.5 |
4 | 6 | 198.5 | 198.5 | 47.9 | 24.1 | 42.0 |
All | 24 | 194.5 | 196.0 | 49.9 | 25.7 | 39.5 |
Region | Site | Habitat | Particle Size (mm) | Concentration (items/kg) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hong Kong, China | Double Haven, Tolo Harbour & Port Shelter | Coastal sea with fringing reef | 0.3–5 | Range: 95–298 Mean: 185 | This study |
Hong Kong, China | Deep Bay, Tolo Harbour, Tsing Yi & Victoria Harbour | Coastal sea | 0.01–5 | Range 44–458 Mean: 158 | [40] |
Belgium | Nieuwpoort, Oostende and Zeebrugge | Coastal sea | 0.038–1 | Maximum: 390 Mean: 166.7 ± 92.1 | [41] |
Italy | Lagoon of Venice | Lagoon | <1 | Range: 672–2175 Mean: 1445 | [42] |
Hong Kong, China | Local coastal shores | Beach | 0.25–5 | Range: 0.58–2116 Mean: 161 | [12] |
China | Shapawan, Haikou, Wanning, Sanya and Beihai | Beach | <5 | Range: 5014–8714 Mean: 6923 | [43] |
Germany | The Island of Norderney | Beach | <1 | Range: 1–4 Mean: 1.8 | [44] |
Canada | Halifax Harbour | Beach | <5 | Range: 2000–8000 (fibre) | [45] |
Yugoslavia | Along the Slovenian coast | Beach | 0.25–5 | Maximum: 444.4 Mean: 177.8 | [46] |
Singapore | Local coastal shores | Beach | >0.0016 | Maximum: 10.7 Mean: 2.3 | [47] |
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Cheang, C.C.; Ma, Y.; Fok, L. Occurrence and Composition of Microplastics in the Seabed Sediments of the Coral Communities in Proximity of a Metropolitan Area. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2270. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102270
Cheang CC, Ma Y, Fok L. Occurrence and Composition of Microplastics in the Seabed Sediments of the Coral Communities in Proximity of a Metropolitan Area. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(10):2270. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102270
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheang, Chi Chiu, Yue Ma, and Lincoln Fok. 2018. "Occurrence and Composition of Microplastics in the Seabed Sediments of the Coral Communities in Proximity of a Metropolitan Area" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10: 2270. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102270