Adsorption of Cadmium on Degraded Soils Amended with Maize-Stalk-Derived Biochar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil and Biochar Samples Preparation
2.2. The Characterization of Soil and Biochar
2.3. Isothermal Adsorption Experiment
2.4. Data Processing
3. The Results and the Discussion
3.1. The Characterization of the Tested Pristine Soils and Biochars
3.2. The Cd Adsorption Isotherms on Degraded Soils
3.3. The Cd Adsorption Isotherms with the Biochars
3.4. The Adsorption Behavior of Cd on the Degraded Soils Amended by Biochars
3.4.1. The Effect of Biochar Ratio on Cd Adsorption in Moderately Degraded Soil
3.4.2. The Effect of Biochar Pyrolysis Temperature on Cd Adsorption in Moderately Degraded Soil
3.4.3. The Cd Adsorption on Different Degraded Soils with 2.0% (wt) MS700
3.5. The Adsorption Inhibition and Acceleration Effect in Soil–Biochar System
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil | Geographic Location | Moisture Content/% | pH | SSA/(m2·g−1) | TOC/(g·kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peat 1) | N 33°10′23.0″, E 102°37′2.4″ | 88.26 | 5.72 | 3.10 | 92.7 |
NDS 1) | N 33°10′47.555″, E 102°37′34.172″ | 48.14 | 5.73 | 2.02 | 73.1 |
LDSI | N 33°19′36.0″, E 102°33′58.9″ | 33.47 | 6.03 | 2.52 | 45.2 |
LDSII 1) | N 33°10′45.710″, E 102°37′34.016″ | 10.53 | 6.40 | 2.71 | 15.7 |
MDS 1) | N 33°10′43.667″, E 102°37′33.488″ | 8.77 | 6.59 | 3.06 | 8.90 |
SDS | N 33°19′41.5″, E 102°33′42.5″ | 4.47 | 6.91 | 3.11 | 5.60 |
Biochar | Yield/wt% | Ash/% | d50 1)/μm | SSA/(m2·g−1) | Elemental Composition and Atomic Ratio of Biochar Organic Components 2) | pH | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C/wt% | H/wt% | N/wt% | O/wt% | (O+N)/C | H/C | ||||||
MS100 | 100.00 | 14.61 | 11.36 | 3.09 | 44.75 | 6.32 | 1.36 | 47.57 | 0.82 | 1.70 | 6.32 |
MS350 | 47.58 | 34.90 | 9.31 | 3.82 | 63.97 | 4.66 | 2.56 | 28.81 | 0.37 | 0.87 | 6.49 |
MS500 | 33.70 | 36.20 | 9.09 | 6.03 | 66.38 | 2.93 | 2.40 | 28.29 | 0.35 | 0.53 | 8.50 |
MS700 | 30.40 | 41.67 | 8.04 | 133.4 | 72.49 | 2.16 | 1.83 | 23.51 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 9.08 |
Sample | Langmuir | Freundlich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qm/(mg·kg−1) | KL/(L·mg−1) | R2 | Kf/(mg·kg−1)(mg/L−1)-N | N | R2 | ||
Soil 1) | Peat | 6309 | 0.025 | 0.99 | 343 | 0.567 | 0.97 |
NDS | 5361 | 0.022 | 0.99 | 261 | 0.583 | 0.98 | |
LDSI | 1710 | 0.054 | 0.99 | 126 | 0.555 | 0.98 | |
LDSII | 1028 | 0.035 | 0.99 | 58 | 0.584 | 0.98 | |
MDS | 553 | 0.037 | 0.99 | 33 | 0.583 | 0.99 | |
SDS | 170 | 0.047 | 0.99 | 15 | 0.500 | 0.99 | |
Biochar 2) | MS 100 | 2622 | 0.024 | 0.92 | 132 | 0.586 | 0.86 |
MS 350 | 22987 | 0.030 | 0.99 | 1483 | 0.549 | 0.99 | |
MS 500 | 28391 | 0.061 | 0.97 | 3637 | 0.425 | 0.91 | |
MS 700 | 49016 | 0.047 | 0.98 | 4813 | 0.470 | 0.96 |
Adsorbent | Adsorption Capacity (Qm, mg·kg−1) | References |
---|---|---|
Vinegar residue biochar 700 °C | 2910 | [21] |
Wheat straw biochar 450 °C | 5000 | [40] |
Wheat straw biochar 600 °C | 1960 | [40] |
Swine manure biochar 300 °C | 42440 | [40] |
Peanut hull biochar 450 °C | 6740 | [41] |
Maize stalk biochar 700 °C | 49016 | This study |
Sample | RC1) (%) | D2) (%) | Q’m,soil+MS3)/(mg·kg−1) | Langmuir | Freundlich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCsoil | RCbiochar | Qm/(mg·kg−1) | KL/(L·mg−1) | R2 | Kf/(mg·kg−1)(mg·L−1)−N | N | R2 | |||
MDS | 100 | -- | -- | -- | 553 | 0.037 | 0.99 | 33.3 | 0.583 | 0.99 |
MDS+1%MS 700 | 67.7 | 60.6 | 22.1 | 1038 | 809 | 0.047 | 0.95 | 93.7 | 0.434 | 0.93 |
MDS+2%MS 700 | 48.5 | 87.7 | 26.5 | 1522 | 1118 | 0.063 | 0.99 | 153 | 0.413 | 0.97 |
MDS+4%MS 700 | 30.5 | 113 | 30.1 | 2492 | 1742 | 0.072 | 0.99 | 231 | 0.432 | 0.95 |
Sample | RC1) (%) | D2) (%) | Q’m,soil+MS3)/(mg·kg−1) | Langmuir | Freundlich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCsoil | RCbiochar | Qm/(mg·kg−1) | KL/(L·mg−1) | R2 | Kf/(mg·kg−1)(mg·L−1)−N | N | R2 | |||
MDS | 100 | -- | -- | -- | 553 | 0.037 | 0.99 | 33.3 | 0.583 | 0.99 |
MDS+2%MS 100 | 90.2 | 8.73 | −1.2 | 594 | 601 | 0.027 | 0.99 | 41.1 | 0.509 | 0.95 |
MDS+2%MS 350 | 62.4 | 52.9 | 13.3 | 1002 | 869 | 0.046 | 0.98 | 86.7 | 0.480 | 0.93 |
MDS+2%MS 500 | 53.9 | 56.4 | 9.4 | 1110 | 1006 | 0.058 | 0.99 | 129 | 0.424 | 0.97 |
MDS+2%MS 700 | 48.5 | 87.7 | 26.5 | 1522 | 1118 | 0.063 | 0.99 | 153 | 0.413 | 0.97 |
Sample | RC1) (%) | D2) (%) | Q’m,soil+MS3)/(mg·kg−1) | Langmuir | Freundlich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCsoil | RCbiochar | Qm/(mg·kg−1) | KL/(L·mg−1) | R2 | Kf/(mg·kg−1)(mg·L−1)-N | N | R2 | |||
NDS+2%MS 700 | 72 | 13.4 | −17.1 | 6234 | 7300 | 0.018 | 0.99 | 265 | 0.639 | 0.98 |
LDSI+2%MS 700 | 67.9 | 39.7 | 7.1 | 2656 | 2468 | 0.033 | 0.96 | 170 | 0.540 | 0.92 |
LDSII+2%MS 700 | 63.5 | 61.8 | 20.2 | 1988 | 1586 | 0.051 | 0.97 | 171 | 0.461 | 0.92 |
MDS+2%MS 700 | 48.5 | 87.7 | 26.5 | 1522 | 1118 | 0.063 | 0.99 | 153 | 0.413 | 0.97 |
SDS+2%MS 700 | 22.9 | 134.8 | 36.6 | 1147 | 727 | 0.134 | 0.89 | 180 | 0.299 | 0.8 |
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Wu, C.; Li, Y.; Chen, M.; Luo, X.; Chen, Y.; Belzile, N.; Huang, S. Adsorption of Cadmium on Degraded Soils Amended with Maize-Stalk-Derived Biochar. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112331
Wu C, Li Y, Chen M, Luo X, Chen Y, Belzile N, Huang S. Adsorption of Cadmium on Degraded Soils Amended with Maize-Stalk-Derived Biochar. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(11):2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112331
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Caixia, Yungui Li, Mengjun Chen, Xiang Luo, Yuwei Chen, Nelson Belzile, and Sheng Huang. 2018. "Adsorption of Cadmium on Degraded Soils Amended with Maize-Stalk-Derived Biochar" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112331