Reduced Lean Body Mass and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Adult Males with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Sample N = 110 | Normal Weight N = 38 | Overweight and Obesity N = 72 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Years) | 32.26 (13.28) | 31.26 (12.68) | 32.79 (13.65) | 0.560 |
BMI | 29.76 ± 7.28 | 22.31 ± 1.83 | 33.69 ± 5.85 | p < 0.0001 |
Marital status | 0.694 | |||
Unmarried | 69 (63.3) | 25 (65.8) | 44 (62.0) | |
Married | 40 (36.7) | 13 (34.2) | 27 (38.0) | |
Employment | 0.446 | |||
Unemployed | 43 (39.1) | 13 (34.2) | 30 (41.7) | |
Employed | 67 (60.9) | 25 (65.8) | 42 (58.3) |
Definition of Low LBM | Reference | Cut-Off Point | Low LBM | Mean Values | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal Weight N = 38 | Overweight and Obesity N = 72 | p-Value | Normal Weight N = 38 | Overweight and Obesity N = 72 | p-Value | |||||
Normal LBM | Low LBM | Normal LBM | Low LBM | |||||||
ALM/BMI | Batsis et al. [14] | <0.789 | 38 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 50 (69.4) | 22 (30.6) | <0.01 | 1.11 ± 0.14 | 0.85 ± 0.14 | <0.01 |
ALM/Weight × 100% | Levine and Crimmins [15] | <25.72 | 38 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 55 (76.4) | 17 (23.6) | <0.01 | 36.09 ± 2.48 | 27.86 ± 3.34 | <0.01 |
Oh et al. [16] | <29.60 | 38 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (30.6) | 50 (69.4) | <0.01 | 36.09 ± 2.48 | 27.86 ± 3.34 | <0.01 |
Total Sample N = 110 | Normal Weight N = 38 | Overweight and Obesity N = 72 | p-Value | Overweight and Obesity N = 72 | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disease | Normal LBM | Low LBM * | |||||
Type 2 diabetes | p = 0.144 | p = 0.804 | |||||
No | 105 (96.3) | 37 (100.0) | 68 (94.4) | 21 (95.5) | 47 (94.0) | ||
Yes | 4 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (5.6) | 1 (4.5) | 3 (6.0) | ||
Dyslipidemia | p = 0.008 | p = 0.012 | |||||
No | 97 (89.0) | 37(100.0) | 60 (83.3) | 22 (100.0) | 38 (76.0) | ||
Yes | 12 (11.0) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (24.0) | ||
Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension | p = 0.012 | p = 0.093 | |||||
No | 98 (89.0) | 37 (100.0) | 61 (84.7) | 21 (95.5) | 40 (80.0) | ||
Yes | 11 (10.1) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (15.3) | 1 (4.5) | 10 (20.0) | ||
Cardiometabolic Disease | p = 0.0004 | p = 0.019 | |||||
No | 89 (81.7) | 37 (100.0) | 52 (72.2) | 20 (90.9) | 32 (64.0) | ||
Yes | 20 (18.3) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (27.8) | 2 (9.1) | 18 (36.0) |
Overweight and Obesity | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total N = 110 | Normal Weight N = 38 | Overweight and Obesity N = 72 | p-Value | Normal LBM N = 49 | Low LBM * N = 23 | p-Value | |
BMI | 29.76 ± 7.28 | 22.31 ± 1.83 | 33.69 ± 5.85 | p < 0.0001 | 28.70 ± 2.45 | 35.88 ± 5.57 | p < 0.0001 |
Waist to hip ratio | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.86 ± 0.03 | 0.95 ± 0.04 | p < 0.0001 | 0.92 ± 0.02 | 0.97 ± 0.03 | p < 0.0001 |
Total fat mass | 26.44 ± 16.20 | 11.02 ± 3.40 | 34.58 ± 14.22 | p < 0.0001 | 21.28 ± 4.98 | 40.43 ± 12.97 | p < 0.0001 |
% Body fat | 27.00 ± 10.68 | 16.03 ± 4.57 | 32.79 ± 8.11 | p < 0.0001 | 23.94 ± 4.30 | 36.68 ± 6.06 | p < 0.0001 |
Fat free mass | 64.10 ± 11.75 | 56.83 ± 9.93 | 67.93 ± 10.83 | p < 0.0001 | 67.18 ± 8.02 | 68.26 ± 11.91 | p > 0.05 |
% Fat-free mass | 72.54 ± 11.47 | 82.63 ± 10.07 | 67.21 ± 8.11 | p < 0.0001 | 76.05 ± 4.30 | 63.32 ± 6.07 | p < 0.0001 |
Visceral fat mass | 9.77 ± 5.73 | 3.97 ± 1.65 | 12.83 ± 4.64 | p < 0.0001 | 8.23 ± 2.05 | 14.86 ± 3.96 | p < 0.0001 |
Total body water | 47.19 ± 8.02 | 42.39 ± 5.69 | 49.72 ± 7.94 | p < 0.0001 | 49.15 ± 5.83 | 49.97 ± 8.75 | p > 0.05 |
ALM/weight × 100% | 30.70 ± 4.98 | 36.09 ± 2.48 | 27.86 ± 3.34 | p < 0.0001 | 31.65 ± 1.66 | 26.19 ± 2.37 | p < 0.0001 |
ALM/weight × 100% < 29.6 | p < 0.0001 | ||||||
Normal LBM | 60 (54.5) | 38 (100) | 22 (30.6) | ||||
Low LBM | 50 (45.5) | 0 (0.0) | 50 (69.4) |
ALM/BMI < 0.789 | ALM/weight × 100% < 25.72 | ALM/weight × 100% < 29.6 | |
---|---|---|---|
Cardio-Metabolic Diseases | Odds (95% CI) | ||
LBM | |||
No low LBM | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Low LBM | 0.998 (0.840–1.185) | 0.969 (0.816–1.150) | 5.463 (1.131–26.399) |
Percent visceral fat from total fat | 2.204 (0.656–7.408) | 1.421 (0.377–5.359) | 0.976 (0.832–1.145) |
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Khazem, S.; Itani, L.; Kreidieh, D.; El Masri, D.; Tannir, H.; Citarella, R.; El Ghoch, M. Reduced Lean Body Mass and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Adult Males with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122754
Khazem S, Itani L, Kreidieh D, El Masri D, Tannir H, Citarella R, El Ghoch M. Reduced Lean Body Mass and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Adult Males with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(12):2754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122754
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhazem, Shirine, Leila Itani, Dima Kreidieh, Dana El Masri, Hana Tannir, Roberto Citarella, and Marwan El Ghoch. 2018. "Reduced Lean Body Mass and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Adult Males with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12: 2754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122754