Changes in Lumbopelvic Movement and Muscle Recruitment Associated with Prolonged Deep Squatting: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Subjects
2.3. Measurements
2.3.1. Measurement of Joint Kinematics
2.3.2. Measurement of Muscle Recruitment
2.3.3. Measurement of Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC)
2.3.4. Simulated Deep Squatting Position and Assessments of Squat-to-Stand and Stand-to-Squat Tasks
2.3.5. Data Processing and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Standardization and Verification of Simulated Deep Squatting Position
3.2. Trajectory of Regional Joint Angles of the Lumbopelvic Region during Squat-to-Stand and Stand-to-Squat Tasks
3.2.1. During Squat-to-Stand Phase (Before and Immediately after Deep Squatting)
3.2.2. During Stand-to-Squat Phase (Before and Immediately after Deep Squatting)
3.2.3. Changes in Lumbar Spine and Hip Joint Flexion Angles
- During Squat-to-Stand Phase
- During Stand-to-Squat Phase
3.3. Muscle Recruitment Pattern (Expressed in %MVC of EMG Activity)
3.3.1. During Squat-to-Stand Phase
3.3.2. During Stand-to-Squat Phase
4. Discussion
4.1. Verification of Deep Squatting Position
4.2. Changes in Movement Kinematics and Muscle Recruitment after Adoption of Prolonged Deep Squatting Posture
4.3. Limitations and Recommendations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographics | LBP Group (n = 8) | AS Group (n = 8) | p-Value 1 |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 24.50 ± 2.62 | 25.38 ± 2.88 | 0.535 |
Height (m) | 1.72 ± 0.05 | 1.70 ± 0.08 | 0.626 |
Weight (kg) | 69.94 ± 7.68 | 66.85 ± 15.48 | 0.621 |
BMI (m/kg2) | 23.65 ± 2.71 | 23.11 ±5.43 | 0.807 |
History of chronic LBP (month) | 23.75 ± 19.26 | N/A 2 | N/A |
VAS before experiment (0–10) | 0–0.5 | 0 | N/A |
Joint Angle | LBP Group | AS Group | p-Value 1 |
---|---|---|---|
Lumbar (°) | 42 ± 5 | 33 ± 16 | 0.158 |
(R) hip (°) | 104 ± 15 | 102 ± 11 | 0.835 |
(L) hip (°) | 101 ± 15 | 100 ± 13 | 0.918 |
Mean of hip flexion angles 2 (°) | 102 ± 15 | 101 ± 12 | 0.535 |
Total flexion angle (°) | 144 ± 13 | 134 ± 14 | 0.146 |
LBP Subject | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(R) ES | 1.79% | 1.97% | 2.21% | 2.92% | 3.95% | 3.99% | 4.01% | 9.70% |
(L) ES | 1.64% | 1.80% | 2.56% | 2.87% | 3.49% | 3.71% | 4.64% | 11.25% |
AS Subject | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
(R) ES | 0.90% | 1.40% | 1.75% | 2.93% | 3.20% | 3.92% | 7.97% | 12.48% |
(L) ES | 1.02% | 1.18% | 2.62% | 4.26% | 4.57% | 6.63% | 7.89% | 8.22% |
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Lui, T.K.S.; Tsang, S.M.H.; Kwok, A.W.L. Changes in Lumbopelvic Movement and Muscle Recruitment Associated with Prolonged Deep Squatting: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051001
Lui TKS, Tsang SMH, Kwok AWL. Changes in Lumbopelvic Movement and Muscle Recruitment Associated with Prolonged Deep Squatting: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(5):1001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051001
Chicago/Turabian StyleLui, Tim K. S., Sharon M. H. Tsang, and Anthony W. L. Kwok. 2018. "Changes in Lumbopelvic Movement and Muscle Recruitment Associated with Prolonged Deep Squatting: A Pilot Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5: 1001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051001