Correction: Renzaho, A.M.N., et al. The Synergetic Effect of Targeted Resource Transfers for Families, Child Sensitive Social Protection Programs, and Capacity Building for Effective Social Protection on Children’s Nutritional Status in Nepal. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1502
Matching Variables | All | Intervention | Control | Logit Model | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Follow-Up | Baseline | Follow-Up | |||||||||||||||
N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | Coefficient | SE | p-Value | |
People per household | 3000 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 750 | |||||||||||||
4 people or less | 15.3% | 36.0% | 13.5% | 34.2% | 21.2% | 40.9% | 15.3% | 36.1% | 15.3% | 36.1% | 0.40 | 0.14 | 0.004 | |||||
5–8 people | 63.8% | 48.1% | 64.8% | 47.8% | 65.2% | 47.7% | 60.5% | 48.9% | 60.5% | 48.9% | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.111 | |||||
9 people or above | 20.8% | 40.6% | 21.7% | 41.3% | 13.6% | 34.3% | 24.1% | 42.8% | 24.1% | 42.8% | Ref | |||||||
Household wealth index | 2899 | 724 | 710 | 731 | 731 | |||||||||||||
Poor | 60.0% | 49.0% | 89.1% | 31.2% | 54.2% | 49.9% | 10.1% | 30.2% | 10.1% | 30.2% | 2.17 | 0.13 | 0.000 | |||||
Middle class | 20.0% | 40.0% | 9.7% | 29.6% | 35.9% | 48.0% | 23.9% | 42.7% | 23.9% | 42.7% | 2.08 | 0.15 | 0.000 | |||||
Rich | 20.0% | 40.0% | 1.2% | 11.1% | 9.9% | 29.8% | 65.9% | 47.4% | 65.9% | 47.4% | Reference | |||||||
Child’s age in months | 3000 | 27.98 | 15.53 | 750 | 28.66 | 15.36 | 750 | 28.4 | 15.71 | 750 | 28.08 | 15.4 | 750 | 28.08 | 15.4 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.045 |
Child’s gender | 3000 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 750 | |||||||||||||
Girl | 43.4% | 49.6% | 44.8% | 49.8% | 43.6% | 49.6% | 43.7% | 49.6% | 43.7% | 49.6% | Reference | |||||||
Boy | 56.6% | 49.6% | 55.2% | 49.8% | 56.4% | 49.6% | 56.3% | 49.6% | 56.3% | 49.6% | −0.08 | 0.08 | 0.322 | |||||
Ethnicity | 3000 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 750 | |||||||||||||
Disadvantage ethnic groups | 0.4% | 6.6% | 1.5% | 12.0% | 0.1% | 3.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.04 | 1.04 | 0.050 | |||||
Dalit Hill/Terai | 21.1% | 40.8% | 21.3% | 41.0% | 25.5% | 43.6% | 16.8% | 37.4% | 16.8% | 37.4% | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.911 | |||||
Upper caste Group | 78.5% | 41.1% | 77.2% | 42.0% | 74.4% | 43.7% | 83.2% | 37.4% | 83.2% | 37.4% | Reference | |||||||
Father’s education | 3000 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 750 | |||||||||||||
Intermediate or higher | 12.6% | 33.2% | 2.1% | 14.5% | 16.8% | 37.4% | 5.6% | 23.1% | 25.9% | 43.8% | Reference | |||||||
Secondary level | 30.0% | 45.8% | 33.1% | 47.1% | 22.3% | 41.6% | 38.3% | 48.6% | 26.4% | 44.1% | −0.05 | 0.14 | 0.744 | |||||
Primary or less | 57.4% | 49.5% | 64.8% | 47.8% | 60.9% | 48.8% | 56.1% | 49.7% | 47.7% | 50.0% | 0.27 | 0.14 | 0.052 |
Intervention | Comparison | % Bias | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unmatched | Matched | Unmatched | Matched | ||
No. of people per household | |||||
4 people or less | 0.159 | 0.082 | 0.128 | 0.118 | −10.30 |
5–8 people | 0.657 | 0.664 | 0.629 | 0.659 | 1.20 |
9 people or more | 0.184 | 0.254 | 0.243 | 0.223 | 7.40 |
Household wealth index | |||||
Poor | 0.717 | 0.648 | 0.484 | 0.683 | −7.40 |
Middle class | 0.227 | 0.275 | 0.174 | 0.240 | 8.80 |
Rich | 0.056 | 0.077 | 0.342 | 0.077 | 0.00 |
Child’s age in months | 28.341 | 25.429 | 27.476 | 27.602 | −14.00 |
Child’s gender | |||||
Girl | 0.438 | 0.395 | 0.429 | 0.421 | 5.30 |
Boy | 0.562 | 0.605 | 0.571 | 0.579 | −5.30 |
Ethnicity | |||||
Disadvantage ethnic groups | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.00 |
Dalit Hill/Terai | 0.224 | 0.208 | 0.179 | 0.212 | −1.00 |
Upper caste Group | 0.768 | 0.791 | 0.820 | 0.787 | 1.00 |
Father’s education | |||||
Primary or less | 0.630 | 0.496 | 0.519 | 0.540 | −8.90 |
Secondary level | 0.277 | 0.378 | 0.323 | 0.338 | 8.70 |
Intermediate or higher | 0.093 | 0.127 | 0.158 | 0.122 | −1.20 |
Original Dataset | Matched Dataset: Matching Algorithms | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comparison | Intervention | Comparison | Intervention | Kernel ! | Nearest Neighbor ! | Radius !# | ||||||||||
N = 748 | N = 743 | N = 749 | N = 750 | ADID | 95% CI | ADID | 95% CI | ADID | 95% CI | ADID | 95% CI | |||||
Girls a | ||||||||||||||||
Height | 77.2 (10.3) | 77.8 (10.9) | 78.7 (11.1) | 78.8 (11.7) | 0.17 | −0.05 | 0.40 | 0.65 | −0.87 | 2.18 | 0.01 | −1.43 | 1.45 | 0.69 | −0.99 | 2.36 |
Weight | 9.3 (2.4) | 9.3 (2.5) | 9.7 (2.6) | 9.8 (2.9) | 0.31 *** | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.32 | −0.06 | 0.71 | 0.13 | −0.25 | 0.51 | 0.33 * | 0.06 | 0.6 |
HAZ | −2.3 (1.3) | −2.6 (1.4) | −2.1 (1.3) | −2.2 (1.3) | 0.21 | −0.01 | 0.44 | 0.11 | −0.06 | 0.27 | 0.07 | −0.18 | 0.32 | 0.15 | −0.06 | 0.36 |
WAZ | −1.7 (1.0) | −2.1 (1.1) | −1.5 (1.1) | −1.6 (1.1) | 0.33 *** | 0.23 | 0.44 | 0.17 * | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.13 | −0.1 | 0.37 | 0.19 * | 0.09 | 0.29 |
WHZ | −0.5 (0.9) | −0.8 (1.1) | −0.5 (1.0) | −0.4 (1.0) | 0.31 *** | 0.15 | 0.46 | 0.17 * | 0.05 | 0.3 | 0.13 | −0.06 | 0.33 | 0.18 | −0.01 | 0.36 |
Stunting | 61.9 | 68 | 55.5 | 61 | −3.98 | −15.44 | 7.48 | −2.65 | −9.15 | 3.85 | −5.07 | −11.78 | 1.63 | −4.24 | −10.4 | 1.93 |
Underweight | 37.1 | 53.1 | 30.8 | 34.9 | −16.25 *** | −24.12 | −8.38 | −7.83 *** | −14.39 | −1.26 | −8.89 | −18.96 | 1.17 | −9.02 *** | −15.1 | −2.94 |
Wasting | 4.5 | 9.3 | 7 | 4.9 | −9.29 *** | −15.86 | −2.72 | −2.62 | −6.33 | 1.09 | −3.31 | −8.2 | 1.58 | −2.47 | −5.9 | 0.95 |
Boys a | ||||||||||||||||
Height | 80.2 (11.2) | 80.6 (11.2) | 82.4 (11.2) | 81.6 (11.8) | −0.05 | −1.17 | 1.06 | 0.21 | −1.31 | 1.74 | 0.13 | −1.13 | 1.39 | 0.22 | −0.9 | 1.35 |
Weight | 10.2 (2.6) | 10.2 (2.7) | 10.9 (2.8) | 10.7 (3.0) | 0.17 | −0.17 | 0.52 | 0.23 | −0.11 | 0.57 | 0.21 | −0.23 | 0.66 | 0.25 | −0.09 | 0.6 |
HAZ | −2.4 (1.3) | −2.6 (1.5) | −2.0 (1.3) | −2.2 (1.4) | 0.14 | −0.14 | 0.43 | 0.16 * | 0 | 0.31 | 0.08 | −0.17 | 0.33 | 0.22 * | 0.08 | 0.35 |
WAZ | −1.7 (1.0) | −2.1 (1.1) | −1.4 (1.1) | −1.6 (1.1) | 0.26 | 0.01 | 0.51 | 0.19 ** | 0.1 | 0.29 | 0.17 * | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.25 * | 0.08 | 0.42 |
WHZ | −0.6 (0.9) | −0.9 (1.2) | −0.3 (1.1) | −0.4 (1.0) | 0.27 *** | 0.08 | 0.47 | 0.21 * | 0.06 | 0.36 | 0.20 * | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.21 * | 0.07 | 0.36 |
Stunting | 63.7 | 65.7 | 50.8 | 58.8 | 0.69 | −14.00 | 15.37 | −4.14 | −10.48 | 2.19 | −1.27 | −10.49 | 7.95 | −6.15 * | −11.76 | −0.53 |
Underweight | 37.4 | 48.8 | 27.5 | 34.8 | −9.74 | −23.38 | 3.90 | −5.03 | −11.19 | 1.13 | −3.39 | −13.45 | 6.67 | −6.49 | −13.15 | 0.16 |
Wasting | 6.6 | 15.3 *** | 5.9 | 6.4 | −9.55 *** | −14.46 | −4.64 | −3.11 | −6.4 | 0.19 | −3.54 | −8.31 | 1.23 | −3.33 * | −6.16 | −0.49 |
<2 years b | ||||||||||||||||
Height | 70.0 (6.5) | 69.6 (6.7) | 70.8 (7.4) | 69.2 (7.4) | −0.28 | −1.16 | 0.60 | −0.85 * | −1.67 | −0.02 | −0.91 | −2.45 | 0.63 | −0.81 * | −1.6 | −0.02 |
Weight | 7.8 (1.5) | 7.5 (1.6) | 8.1 (1.8) | 7.6 (1.8) | 0.03 | −0.30 | 0.37 | −0.15 | −0.38 | 0.08 | −0.17 | −0.45 | 0.11 | −0.14 | −0.36 | 0.08 |
HAZ | −2.0 (1.4) | −2.2 (1.5) | −1.6 (1.4) | −1.9 (1.5) | 0.03 | −0.21 | 0.28 | 0.12 | −0.09 | 0.33 | −0.1 | −0.37 | 0.18 | 0.13 | −0.08 | 0.33 |
WAZ | −1.5 (1.1) | −2.0 (1.2) | −1.2 (1.2) | −1.6 (1.2) | 0.18 | −0.04 | 0.41 | 0.08 | −0.06 | 0.22 | −0.01 | −0.24 | 0.23 | 0.09 | −0.08 | 0.27 |
WHZ | −0.6 (0.9) | −1.1 (1.3) | −0.5 (1.1) | −0.7 (1.1) | 0.18 | −0.04 | 0.41 | 0.05 | −0.09 | 0.2 | 0.1 | −0.15 | 0.34 | 0.07 | −0.08 | 0.21 |
Stunting | 52 | 58.2 | 39.8 | 50.8 | 2.76 | −5.16 | 10.68 | −2.48 | −8.1 | 3.14 | 1.61 | −6.44 | 9.66 | −3.57 | −10.37 | 3.23 |
Underweight | 32.6 | 47.1 | 23.8 | 37.1 | −5.39 | −18.43 | 7.66 | −0.46 | −7.8 | 6.89 | 1.86 | −8.42 | 12.15 | −1.24 | −8.08 | 5.6 |
Wasting | 6.7 | 18.8 | 6.8 | 10.3 | −9.19 *** | −15.81 | −2.57 | −1.2 | −5.16 | 2.76 | −1.91 | −6.88 | 3.05 | −1.03 | −4.2 | 2.13 |
≥2 years b | ||||||||||||||||
Height | 87.1 (7.1) | 86.4 (7.9) | 88.3 (7.1) | 87.9 (7.6) | 0.53 | −0.12 | 1.18 | 0.41 | −0.18 | 1.01 | 0.59 | −0.45 | 1.63 | 0.74 | −0.16 | 1.64 |
Weight | 11.7 (1.9) | 11.4 (2.0) | 12.1 (2.0) | 12.1 (2.1) | 0.39 *** | 0.12 | 0.66 | 0.36 *** | 0.12 | 0.6 | 0.44 ** | 0.18 | 0.69 | 0.44 *** | 0.25 | 0.63 |
HAZ | −2.6 (1.1) | −2.8 (1.2) | −2.4 (1.1) | −2.4 (1.3) | 0.15 | −0.02 | 0.31 | 0.17 * | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.12 | −0.03 | 0.28 | 0.21 * | 0.06 | 0.35 |
WAZ | −1.9 (1.0) | −2.1 (1.1) | −1.6 (1.0) | −1.6 (1.0) | 0.28 *** | 0.12 | 0.44 | 0.28 *** | 0.18 | 0.37 | 0.27 ** | 0.13 | 0.41 | 0.30 *** | 0.19 | 0.41 |
WHZ | −0.5 (0.9) | −0.6 (1.0) | −0.3 (1.0) | −0.2 (0.9) | 0.29 *** | 0.11 | 0.47 | 0.26 *** | 0.17 | 0.35 | 0.29 ** | 0.12 | 0.46 | 0.27 *** | 0.14 | 0.4 |
Stunting | 73 | 73.1 | 62.8 | 65.8 | 0.05 | −6.01 | 6.11 | −4.82 | −10.23 | 0.6 | −4.05 | −12.54 | 4.44 | −6.66 ** | −12.13 | −1.18 |
Underweight | 41.5 | 53.3 | 32.8 | 33.3 | −14.87 *** | −23.27 | −6.46 | −10.45 *** | −16.02 | −4.88 | −9.2 | −18.52 | 0.11 | −11.40 *** | −16.66 | −6.13 |
Wasting | 4.9 | 8.2 | 6.1 | 2.7 | −8.51 *** | −13.91 | −3.11 | −3.86 ** | −5.98 | −1.74 | −6.22 ** | −9.22 | −3.22 | −4.10 ** | −6.43 | −1.78 |
All c | ||||||||||||||||
Height | 78.9 (10.9) | 79.3 (11.1) | 80.8 (11.3) | 80.3 (11.9) | 0.11 | −0.51 | 0.72 | 0.42 | −0.68 | 1.52 | −0.11 | −1.08 | 0.86 | 0.48 | −0.33 | 1.28 |
Weight | 9.8 (2.6) | 9.8 (2.7) | 10.4 (2.8) | 10.3 (3.0) | 0.26 ** | 0.05 | 0.47 | 0.27 * | 0 | 0.55 | 0.17 | −0.12 | 0.47 | 0.29 | −0.01 | 0.6 |
HAZ | −2.3 (1.3) | −2.6 (1.4) | −2.1 (1.3) | −2.2 (1.4) | 0.17 * | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.14 * | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.05 | −0.12 | 0.23 | 0.18 * | 0.09 | 0.27 |
WAZ | −1.7 (1.0) | −2.1 (1.1) | −1.4 (1.1) | −1.6 (1.1) | 0.29 *** | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.19 ** | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.18 * | 0.07 | 0.29 | 0.22 ** | 0.15 | 0.29 |
WHZ | −0.5 (0.9) | −0.8 (1.1) | −0.4 (1.1) | −0.4 (1.0) | 0.29 *** | 0.15 | 0.42 | 0.18 * | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.24 * | 0.08 | 0.4 | 0.19 * | 0.09 | 0.3 |
Stunting | 63 | 66.7 | 52.9 | 59.8 | −1.34 | −7.12 | 4.44 | −3.51 | −7.83 | 0.82 | −2.18 | −10.22 | 5.87 | −5.16 * | −9.55 | −0.77 |
Underweight | 37.3 | 50.7 | 28.9 | 34.8 | −12.54 *** | −19.82 | −5.25 | −6.29 *** | −10.96 | −1.62 | −5.19 | −10.75 | 0.37 | −7.35 *** | −11.62 | −3.08 |
Wasting | 5.8 | 12.7 | 6.4 | 5.7 | −9.32 *** | −14.86 | −3.79 | −2.86 * | −4.91 | −0.8 | −4.84 *** | −8.62 | −1.06 | −2.84 ** | −5.58 | −0.1 |
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Reference
- Renzaho, A.M.N.; Chitekwe, S.; Chen, W.; Rijal, S.; Dhakal, T.; Dahal, P. The Synergetic Effect of Cash Transfers for Families, Child Sensitive Social Protection Programs, and Capacity Building for Effective Social Protection on Children’s Nutritional Status in Nepal. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Renzaho, A.M.N.; Chitekwe, S.; Chen, W.; Rijal, S.; Dhakal, T.; Dahal, P. Correction: Renzaho, A.M.N., et al. The Synergetic Effect of Targeted Resource Transfers for Families, Child Sensitive Social Protection Programs, and Capacity Building for Effective Social Protection on Children’s Nutritional Status in Nepal. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1502. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050869
Renzaho AMN, Chitekwe S, Chen W, Rijal S, Dhakal T, Dahal P. Correction: Renzaho, A.M.N., et al. The Synergetic Effect of Targeted Resource Transfers for Families, Child Sensitive Social Protection Programs, and Capacity Building for Effective Social Protection on Children’s Nutritional Status in Nepal. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1502. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(5):869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050869
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenzaho, Andre M. N., Stanley Chitekwe, Wen Chen, Sanjay Rijal, Thakur Dhakal, and Pradiumna Dahal. 2018. "Correction: Renzaho, A.M.N., et al. The Synergetic Effect of Targeted Resource Transfers for Families, Child Sensitive Social Protection Programs, and Capacity Building for Effective Social Protection on Children’s Nutritional Status in Nepal. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1502" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5: 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050869