Using Calcination Remediation to Stabilize Heavy Metals and Simultaneously Remove Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Contaminated Soils
2.3. Calcination Experiments
2.4. Analysis of Available Contents of Heavy Metals in Soils
2.5. Analysis of PAHs in Soils
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Soil
3.2. Removal of PAHs in Soil
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PAHs | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | Boiling Point (°C) | Melting Point (°C) | LogKow | Water Solubility (mg/L) | Molecular Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Naphthalene | 128.18 | 217.9 | 80.5 | 3.37 | 31.00 | |
Fluoranthene | 202.25 | 384 | 111 | 4.58 | 0.26 |
Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | |
300 | 58.45 ± 6.85 c | 63.40 ± 9.27 c | 49.98 ± 5.78 c | 37.78 ± 2.00 c | 43.15 ± 2.61 c |
400 | 83.50 ± 3.73 b | 84.18 ± 2.98 b | 80.78 ± 3.69 b | 85.64 ± 1.58 b | 84.74 ± 4.18 b |
500 | 93.27 ± 0.69 a | 93.69 ± 5.86 a | 92.72 ± 0.42 a | 93.12 ± 0.39 a | 94.22 ± 0.19 a |
600 | 94.57 ± 0.19 a | 94.98 ± 0.43 a | 95.15 ± 0.42 a | 95.22 ± 0.73 a | 95.97 ± 0.70 a |
700 | 96.95 ± 1.75 a | 96.72 ± 0.46 a | 95.77 ± 1.35 a | 95.96 ± 0.29 a | 96.09 ± 0.66 a |
Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | |
300 | 93.25 ± 1.61 c | 94.04 ± 2.07 b | 92.37 ± 0.82 c | 90.61 ± 0.40 e | 93.00 ± 0.59 c |
400 | 96.18 ± 0.39 b | 96.39 ± 0.38 a | 96.34 ± 0.24 bc | 96.41 ± 0.30 d | 97.05 ± 0.60 ab |
500 | 97.40 ± 0.27 ab | 97.44 ± 0.22 a | 97.16 ± 0.19 b | 97.42 ± 0.15 b | 97.63 ± 0.03 a |
600 | 97.90 ± 0.07 a | 97.92 ± 0.20 a | 98.06 ± 0.20 a | 98.25 ± 0.11 a | 98.27 ± 0.03 a |
700 | 98.41 ± 0.37 a | 97.68 ± 0.49 a | 97.05 ± 0.22 b | 96.92 ± 0.08 c | 96.90 ± 0.13 b |
Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | |
300 | 99.30 ± 0.03 c | 99.12 ± 0.03 b | 99.57 ± 0.10 b | 98.55 ± 0.13 c | 98.63 ± 0.12 b |
400 | 97.72 ± 0.08 e | 97.62 ± 0.14 d | 99.15 ± 0.13 c | 98.51 ± 0.06 c | 98.03 ± 0.10 c |
500 | 99.94 ± 0.05 a | 99.95 ± 0.05 a | 99.91 ± 0.02 a | 99.41 ± 0.05 a | 99.41 ± 0.10 a |
600 | 99.50 ± 0.04 b | 98.51 ± 0.09 c | 97.17 ± 0.16 d | 97.98 ± 0.07 d | 97.46 ± 0.08 d |
700 | 98.49 ± 0.07 d | 98.41 ± 0.14 c | 99.23 ± 0.11 c | 99.15 ± 0.13 b | 98.57 ± 0.04 b |
Temperature (°C) | Time (h) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | |
300 | 94.75 ± 0.05 e | 95.95 ± 0.05 c | 96.17 ± 0.03 c | 94.70 ± 0.00 e | 95.63 ± 0.03 e |
400 | 96.34 ± 0.04 d | 96.74 ± 0.04 b | 95.57 ± 0.03 c | 96.03 ± 0.03 d | 96.27 ± 0.03 d |
500 | 96.72 ± 0.02 c | 96.55 ± 0.43 b | 97.93 ± 0.78 a | 97.88 ± 0.02 b | 97.71 ± 0.01 c |
600 | 97.27 ± 0.03 b | 96.33 ± 0.03 bc | 97.12 ± 0.02 b | 97.19 ± 0.01 c | 98.08 ± 0.02 b |
700 | 98.04 ± 0.03 a | 97.34 ± 0.04 a | 98.29 ± 0.01 a | 98.92 ± 0.02 a | 98.63 ± 0.03 a |
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Wang, P.; Hu, X.; He, Q.; Waigi, M.G.; Wang, J.; Ling, W. Using Calcination Remediation to Stabilize Heavy Metals and Simultaneously Remove Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1731. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081731
Wang P, Hu X, He Q, Waigi MG, Wang J, Ling W. Using Calcination Remediation to Stabilize Heavy Metals and Simultaneously Remove Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(8):1731. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081731
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Peixin, Xiaojie Hu, Qianjia He, Michael Gatheru Waigi, Jian Wang, and Wanting Ling. 2018. "Using Calcination Remediation to Stabilize Heavy Metals and Simultaneously Remove Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8: 1731. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081731