Differences in Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Employment Type and Sex
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Definition of Variables
2.2.1. Metabolic Syndrome
2.2.2. Job-Related Variables
2.2.3. Lifestyle-Related Variables
2.2.4. Sociodemographic Characteristics
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics of Subjects Included in the Study to Determine Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence
3.2. Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence According to Sex and by the Standard of Work
3.3. Factors Affecting Metabolic Syndrome
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Metabolic Syndrome, N (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 5006) | Women (n = 4517) | |||||
Yes | No | p | Yes | No | p | |
Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
19–29 | 35 (14.9) | 211 (85.1) | 14 (5.3) | 315 (94.7) | ||
30–39 | 288 (21.9) | 1038 (78.1) | 79 (17.2) | 896 (90.9) | ||
40–49 | 406 (28.8) | 1035 (71.2) | 202 (17.2) | 1079 (82.8) | ||
50–59 | 364 (33.7) | 752 (66.3) | 322 (28.1) | 816 (71.9) | ||
60–69 | 196 (29.9) | 478 (70.1) | 245 (45.0) | 300 (55.0) | ||
≥70 | 53 (23.9) | 160 (76.1) | 118 (48.0) | 131 (52.0) | ||
Education level | 0.073 | <0.001 | ||||
≤Elementary school | 115 (28.0) | 331 (72.0) | 398 (41.0) | 544 (59.0) | ||
Middle school | 147 (32.6) | 306 (67.4) | 160 (29.2) | 368 (70.8) | ||
High school | 461 (26.6) | 1212 (73.4) | 303 (18.4) | 1322 (81.6) | ||
≥University | 619 (25.5) | 1815 (74.5) | 119 (8.7) | 1303 (91.3) | ||
Job type | 0.244 | <0.001 | ||||
Non-manual worker | 766 (27.4) | 2010 (72.6) | 454(15.3) | 2388(84.7) | ||
Manual worker | 576 (25.7) | 1654 (74.3) | 526(29.6) | 1149(70.4) | ||
Marital status | 0.019 | 0.271 | ||||
Married | 1247 (27.3) | 3340 (72.7) | 736 (19.9) | 2810 (80.1) | ||
Others | 95 (21.0) | 324 (79.0) | 244 (21.8) | 727 (78.2) | ||
Household income level | 0.386 | <0.001 | ||||
1st quartile | 474 (27.7) | 1221 (72.3) | 208 (14.9) | 1170 (85.1) | ||
2nd quartile | 435 (26.4) | 1270 (73.6) | 265 (18.8) | 1117 (81.2) | ||
3rd quartile | 331 (25.0) | 931 (75.0) | 285 (22.1) | 862 (77.9) | ||
4th quartile | 102 (29.5) | 242 (70.5) | 222 (34.5) | 388 (65.5) | ||
Smoking | 0.003 | 0.273 | ||||
Current smoker | 596 (29.0) | 1524 (71.0) | 61 (22.4) | 201 (77.6) | ||
Ex-smoker | 516 (25.9) | 1394 (74.1) | 36 (15.7) | 166 (84.3) | ||
Non-smoker | 230 (22.6) | 746 (77.4) | 883 (20.4) | 3170 (79.6) | ||
Drinking | <0.001 | 0.882 | ||||
High risk drinking | 365 (34.2) | 711 (65.8) | 43 (20.2) | 170 (79.8) | ||
Moderate drinking or non-drinking | 977 (24.4) | 2953 (75.6) | 937 (21.7) | 3367 (78.3) | ||
Physical activity | 0.261 | 0.111 | ||||
Yes | 613 (25.8) | 1680 (74.2) | 336 (21.9) | 1151 (78.1) | ||
No | 729 (27.4) | 1984 (72.6) | 644 (19.5) | 2386 (80.5) |
Sex | Employment Type | Metabolic Syndrome, N (%) | Total | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | ||||
Male | Standard workers | 942 (26.4) | 2619 (73.6) | 3561 (100.0) | 0.174 |
Non-standard workers | 400 (28.2) | 1045 (71.8) | 1445 (100.0) | ||
Total | 1342 (26.6) | 3664 (73.4) | 5006 (100.0) | ||
Female | Standard workers | 271 (13.5) | 1691 (86.5) | 1962 (100.0) | <0.001 |
Non-standard workers | 709 (25.8) | 1846 (74.2) | 2555 (100.0) | ||
Total | 980 (20.3) | 3537 (79.7) | 4517 (100.0) |
Sex | Model1 * | Model 2 ** | Model 3 *** | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standard Workers | Non-Standard Workers | Standard Workers | Non-Standard Workers | Standard Workers | Non-Standard Workers | |
Males | Reference | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | Reference | 0.94 (0.78–1.15) | Reference | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) |
Females | Reference | 1.44 (1.18–1.77) | Reference | 1.33 (1.07–1.65) | Reference | 1.34 (1.07–1.67) |
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Cho, D.Y.; Koo, J.-W. Differences in Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Employment Type and Sex. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091798
Cho DY, Koo J-W. Differences in Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Employment Type and Sex. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(9):1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091798
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Duk Youn, and Jung-Wan Koo. 2018. "Differences in Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Employment Type and Sex" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9: 1798. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091798