Key Factors Influencing the Incidence of West Nile Virus in Burleigh County, North Dakota
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data on Mosquito Numbers and West Nile Virus Cases
2.3. Climatological Factors Considered for the Mosquito Model
2.4. Transmission Factors Considered for the Model of Human Disease Cases
2.5. Statistical Analyses and Model Evaluation
3. Results
3.1. The Number of Human Disease Cases and Mosquitoes
3.2. Identification of Key Factors Affecting Mosquito Abundances
3.3. Identification of Key Factors Affecting Human Disease Cases
3.4. Model Validation for Mosquito Numbers and Human Disease Cases
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables 1 | Coefficients | Std. Error | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
intercept | −2.712 × 101 | 8.696 | 1.817 × 10−3 |
dew point lag 0 | 3.980 × 10−1 | 1.025 × 10−1 | 1.041 × 10−4 |
day length lag 2 | 1.075 | 5.534 × 10−1 | 5.203 × 10−2 |
freeze days | 5.534 × 10−2 | 1.567 × 10−2 | 4.126 × 10−4 |
gage height lag 0 | −3.808 × 10−1 | 1.326 × 10−1 | 4.068 × 10−3 |
gage height lag 1 year | −7.062 × 10−1 | 2.258 × 10−1 | 1.765 × 10−3 |
reproduction rate of mosquito lag 0 | 2.084 × 102 | 9.733 × 101 | 3.225 × 10−2 |
Variables 1 | Log Part 2 | Logit Part 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficients | Std. Error | p-Value | Coefficients | Std. Error | p-Value | |
intercept | −5.732 × 10−1 | 7.103 × 10−1 | 4.196 × 10−1 | 6.312 | 2.453 | 1.009 × 10−2 |
transmission rate lag 2 | 6.889 × 101 | 3.078 × 101 | 2.522 × 10−2 | 3.124 × 101 | 2.001 × 102 | 8.759 × 10−1 |
feeding pattern lag 2 | −2.297 | 2.988 | 4.422 × 10−1 | −1.110 × 10−2 | 7.440 × 101 | 1.356 × 10−1 |
mosquito lag 2 | 1.727 × 10−1 | 1.524 × 10−1 | 2.570 × 10−1 | −8.143 × 10−1 | 6.195 × 10−1 | 1.887 × 10−1 |
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Mori, H.; Wu, J.; Ibaraki, M.; Schwartz, F.W. Key Factors Influencing the Incidence of West Nile Virus in Burleigh County, North Dakota. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091928
Mori H, Wu J, Ibaraki M, Schwartz FW. Key Factors Influencing the Incidence of West Nile Virus in Burleigh County, North Dakota. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(9):1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091928
Chicago/Turabian StyleMori, Hiroko, Joshua Wu, Motomu Ibaraki, and Franklin W. Schwartz. 2018. "Key Factors Influencing the Incidence of West Nile Virus in Burleigh County, North Dakota" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9: 1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091928