Frailty, Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Other Factors Affecting Adherence to Physical Activity Recommendations by Hemodialysis Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Methods
2.2. Awareness of Recommendations
2.3. Medical Factors
2.4. Scales for Assessment of Functional Status
2.4.1. Scale for Assessing Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Katz Index
2.4.2. Scale for Assessing Instrumental ADL (IADL), Lawton Index
2.4.3. Barthel Index (Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living)
2.4.4. Mobility-Independence Scale
2.4.5. Scales for Functional Assessment of Hearing and Sight
2.5. Psychological Factors
2.5.1. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
2.5.2. Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS)
2.6. Motivation
2.7. Quality of Life
Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL-SF 1.3)
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Awareness of Recommendations
3.2. Sociodemographic Factors
3.3. Medical Factors
3.4. Functional Status
3.5. Psychological Factors
3.6. Quality of Life
Regression
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Study Group () | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | range = 19–87 | |
Age ≥ 60, n (%) | 38 (52.7) | |
Sex, n (%) female/male | 36 (50)/36 (50) | |
Physical activity, n (%) yes/no | 36 (50)/36 (50) | |
Dialysis vintage (months) | range = 2–269 | |
Dialysis adequacy () | range = 1.06–2.19 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | range = 16.4–36.3 | |
Weight (kg) | range = 42.5–11.5 | |
Vascular access, n (%) | ||
arteriovenous fistulas | 41 (56.9) | |
arteriovenous grafts | 8 (11.1) | |
central venous catheters | 23 (32) | |
Cause of end-stage renal disease, n (%) | ||
glomerulonephritis | 16 (22.2) | |
diabetic renal disease | 21 (29.2) | |
hypertension nephropathy | 12 (16.7) | |
other | 23 (31.9) | |
CCI (points) | range = 2–12 | |
Marital status, n (%) married/single | 53 (73.6)/19 (26.4) | |
Education, n (%) | ||
basic | 10 (13.9) | |
vocational training | 30 (41.7) | |
general | 28 (38.9) | |
higher | 4 (5.6) | |
Professional activity, n (%) | ||
work | 7 (9.7) | |
retirement | 24 (33.3) | |
disability pension | 32 (44.4) | |
unemployment | 9 (12.5) | |
Robust, n (%) | 32 (44.4) | |
Pre-frailty, n (%) | 11 (15.3) | |
Frailty, n (%) | 29 (40.3) | |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | range = 7.7–17.5 | |
WBC (×103/µL) | range = 3.3–12.4 | |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | range = 1.51–12.8 | |
Sodium (mmol/dL) | range = 133.5–145.4 | |
Potassium (mmol/dL) | range = 3.8–6.5 | |
Urea, predialysis (mmol/L) | range = 6.9–31.5 | |
Urea, postdialysis (mmol/L) | range = 1.4–12.7 |
Variables | Activity Recommendation | p-Value Group A vs. NA | |
---|---|---|---|
A Group n = 36 | NA Group n = 36 | ||
Age | |||
≥60 years () | 12 (31.6) | 26 (68.4) | <0.001 |
<60 years () | 24 (70.6) | 10 (29.4) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.362 | ||
Gender | |||
Women () | 13 (36.1) | 23 (63.9) | 0.018 |
Men () | 23 (63.9) | 13 (36.1) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.278 | ||
Marital status | |||
Married () | 28 (52.8) | 25 (47.2) | 0.090 |
Single () | 8 (42.1) | 11 (57.9) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.420 | ||
Education | |||
Basic () | 2 (20) | 8(80) | 0.160 |
Vocational training () | 15 (50) | 15 (50) | |
General () | 17 (60.7) | 11(39.3) | |
Higher () | 2(50) | 2(50) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.260 | ||
Professional activity | |||
Work () | 4 (100) | 0 | 0.004 |
Retirement () | 8 (30.8) | 18 (69.2) | |
Disability pension () | 20 (64.5) | 11 (35.5) | |
Unemployment () | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.395 | ||
Vascular access | |||
Arteriovenous fistulas () | 26 (63.4) | 15 (36.6) | 0.043 |
Arteriovenous grafts () | 2 (25) | 6 (75) | |
Central venous catheters () | 8 (34.8) | 15 (65.2) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.325 | ||
Cause of end-stage renal disease | |||
Diabetic renal disease () | 6 (28.6) | 15 (71.4) | 0.020 |
Hypertension nephropathy () | 9 (75) | 3 (25) | |
Glomerulonephritis () | 11 (68.8) | 5 (31.2) | |
Other () | 10 (43.5) | 13 (56.5) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.363 | ||
Mobility | |||
Travel beyond place of residence () | 24 (82.8) | 5 (17.2) | <0.001 |
Place of residence () | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | |
Walk in local area () | 2 (40) | 3 (60) | |
Walk around the house/apartment block () | 5 (38.5) | 8 (61.5) | |
House or apartment () | 1 (10) | 9 (90) | |
Room () | 0 | 8 (100) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.622 | ||
Level of visual impairment | |||
Normal functioning possible () | 32 (65.3) | 17 (34.7) | <0.001 |
Slightly impaired functioning () | 2 (4.3) | 12 (85.7) | |
Moderately impaired functioning () | 0 | 4 (100) | |
Severely impaired functioning () | 2 (40) | 3 (60) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.470 | ||
Evaluation of frailty | |||
Robust () | 24 (75) | 8 (25) | <0.001 |
Pre-frailty () | 6 (54.5) | 5 (45.5) | |
Frailty () | 6 (20.7) | 23 (79.3) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.500 | ||
Awareness of recommendations | |||
Yes () | 30 (60) | 20 (40) | 0.009 |
No () | 6 (27.3) | 16 (72.7) | |
Cramér’s V | 0.321 |
Variables | A Group () | NA Group () | p-Value (Group A vs. NA) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | <0.001 | ||
Dialysis vintage (months) | 0.099 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.714 | ||
Weight (kg) | 0.364 | ||
CCI (points) | <0.001 | ||
ADL (points) | <0.001 | ||
IADL (points) | <0.001 | ||
Barthel (points) | <0.001 | ||
AIS (points) | 0.039 | ||
STAI-x1 (points) | 0.233 | ||
STAI-x2 (points) | 0.021 | ||
Motivation (points) | <0.001 | ||
CSHA-CFS (points) | <0.001 |
Scales | A Group n = 36 | NA Group n = 36 | p-Value Group A vs. NA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Part I | Kidney disease related life quality domains | |||
1 | Symptom/problem list | 0.047 | ||
2 | Effects of kidney disease | 0.418 | ||
3 | Burden of kidney disease | 0.153 | ||
4 | Work status | 0.851 | ||
5 | Cognitive function | 0.059 | ||
6 | Quality of social interaction | 0.161 | ||
7 | Sexual function | 0.092 | ||
8 | Sleep | 0.006 | ||
9 | Social support | 0.018 | ||
10 | Dialysis staff encouragement | 0.015 | ||
Part II | General health perception scores | |||
1 | Physical functioning | <0.001 | ||
2 | Role limitations—physical | 0.042 | ||
3 | Pain | 0.202 | ||
4 | General health | 0.105 | ||
5 | Emotional well-being | 0.085 | ||
6 | Role limitations—emotional | 0.159 | ||
7 | Social function | 0.009 | ||
8 | Energy/fatigue | 0.002 | ||
9 | Overall health rating | 0.077 | ||
10 | Patient satisfaction | 0.532 | ||
11 | SF-12 Physical Health Composite | <0.001 | ||
12 | SF-12 Mental Health Composite | 0.119 |
Variables | OR | p-Value | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
Model A (all patients included) | |||
46.9; Nagelkerke 0.64; | |||
CSHA-CFS (points) | 0.38 | 0.001 | 0.206–0.688 |
Motivation (points) | 1.13 | 0.009 | 1.032–1.245 |
Duration of hemodialysis (months) | 0.99 | 0.047 | 0.972–0.999 |
Awareness of recommendations (1—aware; 0—unaware) | 0.08 | 0.005 | 0.013–0.464 |
Vascular access (1—arteriovenous fistulas; 0—other) | 0.09 | 0.007 | 0.017–0.530 |
Model B (patients ≥60 yrs included) | |||
46.9; Nagelkerke 0.67; | |||
CSHA-CFS (points) | 0.25 | 0.028 | 0.071–0.861 |
Motivation (points) | 1.19 | 0.051 | 1.032–1.245 |
AIS (points) | 0.79 | 0.036 | 0.640–0.990 |
Duration of hemodialysis (months) | 0.95 | 0.025 | 0.918–0.999 |
Vascular access (1—arteriovenous fistulas; 0—other) | 0.09 | 0.045 | 0.008–0.950 |
Model C (patients <60 yrs included) | |||
22.7; Nagelkerke 0.69; | |||
CSHA-CFS (points) | 0.13 | 0.012 | 0.026–0.633 |
AIS (points) | 1.26 | 0.058 | 0.991–1.603 |
Aware of recommendations (1—aware; 0—unaware) | 0.02 | 0.012 | 0.001–0.427 |
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Hornik, B.; Duława, J. Frailty, Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Other Factors Affecting Adherence to Physical Activity Recommendations by Hemodialysis Patients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101827
Hornik B, Duława J. Frailty, Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Other Factors Affecting Adherence to Physical Activity Recommendations by Hemodialysis Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(10):1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101827
Chicago/Turabian StyleHornik, Beata, and Jan Duława. 2019. "Frailty, Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Other Factors Affecting Adherence to Physical Activity Recommendations by Hemodialysis Patients" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10: 1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101827