Research Advances in Identifying Sulfate Contamination Sources of Water Environment by Using Stable Isotopes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Stable Sulfur and Oxygen Isotopes and the Kinetic Isotope Fractionation
3. Pretreatment Technology
3.1. Graphite-Reduction Method
3.2. Fluorination Method
3.3. High-Temperature Pyrolysis Method
3.4. Chemical Precipitation Method
3.5. Triacid Method
3.6. The Flame Heating Method
4. Sulfur and Oxygen Isotope Values of Sulfate from Different Sources
4.1. δ34S Values of Sulfate Sources
4.2. δ18O Values of Sulfate Sources
5. Research Advances in the Application of Sulfur and Oxygen Stable Isotopes in the Identification of Sulfate Sources in Water Environments
6. Research Deficiency and Prospect
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, H.; Zhang, Q. Research Advances in Identifying Sulfate Contamination Sources of Water Environment by Using Stable Isotopes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111914
Wang H, Zhang Q. Research Advances in Identifying Sulfate Contamination Sources of Water Environment by Using Stable Isotopes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(11):1914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111914
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Huiwei, and Qianqian Zhang. 2019. "Research Advances in Identifying Sulfate Contamination Sources of Water Environment by Using Stable Isotopes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11: 1914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111914