Temporal Trends in Fecal Occult Blood Test: Associated Factors (2009–2017)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Design
2.2. Outcomes Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethics Statement
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strength and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethical Approval
References
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Characteristics n (%) | 2009 n = 6381 (%) | 2011/12 n = 6252 (%) | 2014 n = 7146 (%) | 2017 n = 8042 (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
Men | 2871 (45) | 2902 (46.4) | 3338 (46.7) | 3829 (47.6) | |
Women | 3510 (55) | 3350 (53.6) | 3808 (53.3) | 4213 (52.4) | 0.107 |
Nationality | |||||
Spanish | 6197 (97) | 6045 (96.7) | 6931 (97) | 27,726 (96.1) | 0.358 |
Foreigner | 184 (3) | 207 (3.3) | 215 (3) | 316 (3.9) | |
Marital status | |||||
Single | 748 (11.7) | 784 (12.6) | 961 (13.5) | 1103 (13.7) | <0.001 |
Married | 4335 (67.9) | 4182 (66.9) | 4655 (65.2) | 5301 (65.9) | |
Widowed | 752 (11.9) | 688 (11) | 751 (10.6) | 707 (8.8) | |
Separated | 244 (3.8) | 255 (4.1) | 279 (3.9) | 303 (3.8) | |
Divorced | 297 (4.7) | 335 (5.4) | 486 (6.8) | 603 (7.6) | |
Level of education | <0.001 | ||||
Without studies | 1231 (19.3) | NR | 741 (10.3) | 717 (8.9) | |
Primary | 2295 (36) | 2294 (32.1) | 1872 (23.3) | ||
Secondary/PT | 1992 (31.2) | 2933 (41) | 4124 (51.3) | ||
University | 856 (13.5) | 1178 (16.6) | 1329 (16.5) | ||
Social Class | |||||
Class I and II | NR | 1160 (19.1) | 1407 (20) | 1376 (17.4) | 0.348 |
Class III and IV | 2104 (34.7) | 2439 (34.8) | 2752 (34.9) | ||
Class V and VI | 2802 (46.2) | 3173 (45.2) | 3764 (47.7) | ||
Body Mass Index | |||||
Insufficient | 32 (0.5) | 48 (0.8) | 65 (0.9) | 82 (1) | <0.001 |
Normal weight | 1924 (30.2) | 1848 (29.6) | 2387 (33.4) | 2657 (33.0) | |
Overweight | 2696 (42.3) | 2507 (40.1) | 2910 (40.7) | 3354 (41.7) | |
Obesity | 1324 (20.8) | 1358 (21.7) | 1508 (21.1) | 1667 (20.7) | |
No answer | 405 (6.2) | 491 (7.8) | 276 (3.9) | 282 (19.4) | |
Self-perceived health status | |||||
Very good | 608 (9.5) | 703 (11.2) | 831 (11.5) | 963 (12) | |
Good | 3095 (48.5) | 3124 (50) | 3554 (50) | 4112 (51.1) | <0.001 |
Regulate | 1836 (28.8) | 1709 (27.3) | 1926 (27) | 2136 (26.6) | |
Bad | 650 (10.2) | 590 (9.4) | 609 (8.5) | 646 (8) | |
Very bad | 192 (3) | 126 (2) | 226 (3.1) | 185 (2.3) | |
Hemorrhoids* | |||||
Yes | NR | 502 (66.7) | 558 (63) | 582 (69.1) | <0.031 |
No | 251 (33.3) | 326 (37) | 260 (30.9) | ||
Constipation* | |||||
Yes | NR | 393 (92) | 403 (91.6) | 359 (91.1) | <0.715 |
No | 34 (8) | 36 (8.4) | 35 (8.9) | ||
Chronic or long-term illness | |||||
Yes | 4351 (68.2) | 3641(58.2) | 5417 (76) | 6274 (78) | <0.001 |
No | 2025 (31.8) | 2606 (41.8) | 1725 (24) | 166 (22) |
Characteristics | 2009 n = 6381 (%) | 2011/12 n = 6252 (%) | 2014 n = 7146 (%) | 2017 n = 8042 (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conducting FOB * test | |||||
Yes | 544 (8.5%) | 661 (10.6%) | 1502 (21%) | 2559 (31.8%) | <0.001 |
No | 5753 (90.2%) | 5474 (87.6%) | 5576 (78%) | 5445 (67.7%) | |
Do not answer | 84 (1.3%) | 117 (1.8%) | 68 (1%) | 38 (0.5%) | |
Reason for FOB* test | |||||
For problem, symptom or illness | Not registered | 284 (43%) | 529 (35.2%) | 1345 (28.5%) | <0.001 |
On the advice of your primary care physician or specialist, although you had no problem | 148 (22.4%) | 306 (20.4%) | 1072 (22.7%) | ||
Because you received a letter, someone called you, or you were asked at your health center if you wanted to do this test | 176 (26.6%) | 598 (39.8%) | 2126 (45%) | ||
Other reasons | 49 (7.4%) | 66 (4.4%) | 164 (7.6%) | ||
Do not answer | 4 (0.6%) | 3 (0.2%) | 3(0.1%) | ||
Testing frequency | |||||
Two years or less | 221 (40.6%) | 415 (62.8%) | 968 (64.5%) | 1945 (75.8%) | <0.001 |
Between two and three years | 59 (10.8%) | 68 (10.3%) | 164 (10.9%) | 238 (9.3%) | |
More than three years | 261 (48%) | 174 (26.3%) | 364 (24.2%) | 369 (14.4%) | |
Do not answer | 3 (0.6%) | 4 (0.6%) | 6 (0.4%) | 7 (0.3%) |
Communities´Spain | 2009 | 2011 | 2014 | 2017 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FOB | FOB | FOB | FOB | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Andalucía | 21(12.7%) | 27 (16.4%) | 44 (26.7%) | 73 (44.2%) | <0.001 |
Aragón | 8 (6.5%) | 13 (10.5%) | 18 (15.5%) | 85 (68.5%) | |
Asturias | 8 (14.8%) | 9 (16.7%) | 14 (25.9%) | 23 (42.6) | |
Baleares | 10 (10.5%) | 8 (8.4%) | 20 (21.1%) | 57 (60%) | |
Canarias | 12 (5.6%) | 31 (14.1%) | 54 (25%) | 119 (55.1%) | |
Cantabria | 8 (3.7%) | 7 (3.2%) | 84 (38.5%) | 119 (54.6%) | |
Castilla y León | 12 (5.1%) | 14 (5.9%) | 31 (13.1%) | 180 (75.9%) | |
Castilla la Mancha | 7 (9%) | 8 (10.3%) | 13(16.7%) | 50 (64.1%) | |
Cataluña | 17 (5.7%) | 27 (9.1%) | 79 (26.7%) | 173 (54.4%) | |
C. Valenciana | 26 (6.1%) | 51 (11.9%) | 106 (24.8%) | 245 (57.2%) | |
Extremadura | 9 (17%) | 9 (17%) | 13 (24.5%) | 22 (41.5%) | |
Galicia | 15 (8.9%) | 24 (14.2%) | 43 (25.4%) | 87 (51.5%) | |
Madrid | 23 (16.7%) | 16 (11.6%) | 42 (30.4%) | 57 (41.3%) | |
Murcia | 15 (7.6%) | 43 (21.7%) | 64 (32.3%) | 76 (38.4%) | |
Navarra | 3 (1.4) | 6 (2.8%) | 36 (16.9%) | 168 (78.9%) | |
País Vasco | 20 (2.9%) | 103 (15%) | 236 (34.4%) | 328 (47.7%) | |
La Rioja | 1 (0.7%) | 14 (9.2%) | 64 (41.8%) | 74 (48.4%) | |
Ceuta y Melilla | 6 (22.2%) | 5 (18.5%) | 7 (25.9%) | 9 (33.3%) |
OR (95% CI) | p | |
---|---|---|
Age Group | 1.04 (1.04–1.05) | <0.001 |
Nationality | ||
Spanish | 1.91 (1.25-2.93) | 0.003 |
Foreigner | Reference | |
Marital status | ||
Single | Reference | |
Married | 1.13 (1.02–1.25) | 0.025 |
Widowed/Separated/Divorced | 1.03 (0.91–1.16) | 0.647 |
Level of education | ||
Without education | Reference | |
Primary | 1.52 (1.33–1.73) | <0.001 |
Secondary or PT | 2.46 (2.17–2.81) | <0.001 |
University | 2.31 (1.99–2.67) | <0.001 |
Social class | ||
Class I and II | 1.35 (1.12–1.64) | 0.002 |
Class III and IV | 1.33 (1.16–1.52) | 0.001 |
Class V and VI | Reference | |
Body mass index | ||
Insufficient | 1.05 (0.98–1.137) | 0.119 |
Normal weight | 1.72 (1.25–2.37) | 0.001 |
Overweight/obesity | Reference |
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Cobo-Cuenca, A.I.; Laredo-Aguilera, J.A.; Rodríguez-Borrego, M.-A.; Santacruz-Salas, E.; Carmona-Torres, J.M. Temporal Trends in Fecal Occult Blood Test: Associated Factors (2009–2017). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122120
Cobo-Cuenca AI, Laredo-Aguilera JA, Rodríguez-Borrego M-A, Santacruz-Salas E, Carmona-Torres JM. Temporal Trends in Fecal Occult Blood Test: Associated Factors (2009–2017). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(12):2120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122120
Chicago/Turabian StyleCobo-Cuenca, Ana Isabel, José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera, María-Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego, Esmeralda Santacruz-Salas, and Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres. 2019. "Temporal Trends in Fecal Occult Blood Test: Associated Factors (2009–2017)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12: 2120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122120