The Study of an Ultraviolet Radiation Technique for Removal of the Indoor Air Volatile Organic Compounds and Bioaerosol
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. UVGI Experiments in Environment Chambers
2.2. UVGI Experimental in Field Studies
2.3. UVGI Removal Efficiency of Air Pollutants
2.4. Measurement of UV Irradiance and Calculation of Dosages
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Efficiency of Air Pollutant Removal Under Various Levels of Relative Humidity and Various Initial Concentrations of Pollutants
3.2. Efficiency of Air Pollutant Removal Through Long-Term Exposure to UVGI
3.3. Efficiency of Air Pollutant Removal Using Various UVGI Irradiation Methods
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | Parking Lot | Kitchen Waste Area | Clinic A | Clinic B |
---|---|---|---|---|
Building age (year) | 3 | 3 | >15 | <6 months |
Volume (m3) | 322 | 756 | 250 | 80 |
Number of population | <2 | 0 | 10–15 | 10–15 |
Air ventilation type | Mechanical ventilation (exhaust fan) | Natural ventilation | Mechanical ventilation (fan coil unit) | |
UVGI luminaire | Upward irradiation | Direct irradiation over night | Upper space irradiation | |
Number of UVGI lamp fixture | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 |
UVGI lamp intensity | 13,800 μW/cm2 |
Item | Instrument/Model | Principle | Detection Range | Resolution |
---|---|---|---|---|
HCHO | PPM Technology/PPM Formaldmeter htv-m | Electrochemical | 0–10 ppm | 0.01 ppm |
TVOC | RAE/ppbRAE 3000-10.6 eV | Photo-ionization detector | 1ppb–10,000 ppm | 1 ppb |
Bacteria/ fungi | Thermo/Anderson one-stage sampler | Impacting on agar with incubation (Q: 28.3 LPM) | Stage 0 (8–24 μm) Stage 1 (1–8 μm) | - |
Item | Test Condition | High Conc./ Low RH | High Conc./ High RH | Low Conc./ High RH | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0 ppm/40% RH 24 ± 1 °C | 1.0 ppm/70% RH 24 ± 1 °C | 0.5 ppm/70% RH 24 ± 1 °C | ||||||
HCHO | Removal efficiency (%) | #1 | #2 | #1 | #2 | #1 | #2 | |
32.54 | 32.66 | 15.95 | 15.99 | 18.39 | 17.88 | |||
Avg. ± S.D. (%) | 32.6 ± 0.09 | 15.97 ± 0.03 | 18.14 ± 0.36 | |||||
Removal of percentage error (%) | −0.36 | −0.25 | 2.77 | |||||
TVOC | Test condition | 3.0 ppm/40%RH | 3.0 ppm/70%RH | 1.4 ppm/70%RH | ||||
Removal efficiency (%) | 13.61 | 13.5 | 7.24 | 7.00 | 6.10 | 5.75 | ||
Avg. ± S.D. (%) | 13.56 ± 0.08 | 7.12 ± 0.17 | 5.93 ± 0.25 | |||||
Removal of percentage error (%) | 4.81 | 3.31 | 5.74 |
Air Pollutant | HCHO | TVOC | Bacteria | Fungi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
UVGI Luminaires | |||||
Upper space irradiation | 0.606 | 0.212 | 0.500 | 0.007 ** | |
Direct irradiation over night | 0.103 | 0.404 | 0.031 * | 0.035 | |
Upward irradiation | 0.109 | 0.268 | 0.027 * | 0.244 |
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Liu, C.-Y.; Tseng, C.-H.; Wang, H.-C.; Dai, C.-F.; Shih, Y.-H. The Study of an Ultraviolet Radiation Technique for Removal of the Indoor Air Volatile Organic Compounds and Bioaerosol. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2557. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142557
Liu C-Y, Tseng C-H, Wang H-C, Dai C-F, Shih Y-H. The Study of an Ultraviolet Radiation Technique for Removal of the Indoor Air Volatile Organic Compounds and Bioaerosol. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(14):2557. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142557
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Chao-Yun, Chao-Heng Tseng, Huang-Chin Wang, Chuan-Fa Dai, and Yi-Hsuan Shih. 2019. "The Study of an Ultraviolet Radiation Technique for Removal of the Indoor Air Volatile Organic Compounds and Bioaerosol" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14: 2557. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142557